Non-Reportable  IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO.5237 OF 2002

V. Srinivasaraju … Appellant

Vs.

M/s. Bharat Electronics Ltd. & Ors. … Respondent

J U D G M E N T

R.V.RAVEENDRAN, J.

Appellants  1  to  6  and  respondent  No.  2  were  plaintiffs  (that  is

plaintiff Nos. 1, 3 to 7 and Plaintiff No.2 in O.S. No. 1831/1989 on the file

of the Additional City Civil Court, Bangalore.  Respondents 1 and 3 were

defendants 1 and 2 in the said suit for declaration of title and possession in

regard to an extent of 2 acres and 12 guntas of land in Survey No. 101/2 of

Kodigehalli  village  ,  Bangalore  North  Taluk.  For  convenience  the

appellants and respondent No. 2 will  together be referred to as plaintiffs,

first respondent as ‘BEL’ and third respondent as ‘LAO’.

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2. The case  of  plaintiffs  as  per  the plaint  averments  and evidence of

plaintiffs is as follows :  

2.1) Sy.No.101 of Kodigehalli measures 10 acres 29 guntas (of which 24

guntas  was  phut  Karab).  An  extent  of  5  acres  17  guntas  in  Sy.No.101,

alongwith other lands were acquired for BEL on 25.2.1954. One Anjaneya

Gowda who was the owner of the remaining extent of Sy.No.101, sold to V.

Varadaraju, (father of the plaintiffs) an extent of 5 acres and 12 guntas of

land in Survey No. 101 (bounded on the East by Railway line and Survey

No.100, West by Survey No. 102, North by Survey No. 121 Hanumantha

garden  lane,  and  South  by  portion  of  Survey  No.  101  acquired  for  and

belonging to BEL) under a registered sale deed dated 1.12.1961. At the time

of such purchase,  the land sold was under requisition and therefore only

symbolic  possession  was given to  their  father  and not  actual  possession.

After such purchase, the competent authority passed an order under section

6(2)  of  the  Requisitioning  and  Acquisition  of  Immovable  Property  Act,

1952 (for short ‘Requisition Act’) specifying Anjaneya Gowda as the person

to  whom possession  of  Sy.No.101  (5  A   12  G)  should  be  delivered  in

pursuance  of  Central  Government’s  decision  to  release  the  land  from

requisition  with  effect  from  1.8.1962.  Varadaraju  accordingly  accepted

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possession of the said land and his name was entered as the owner thereof in

the revenue records  --  index of  land and record of rights.  On 24.7.1965,

Survey No. 101 was phodded and sub-divided into Sy.101/1 measuring  5 A

17 G belonging to BEL and 101/2 measuring 5 acres 12 guntas belonging to

V.Vardaraju.  On taking actual physical possession Vardaraju got the land

measured and got boundary stones fixed by the Revenue Department and he

was thus in peaceful possession and enjoyment of the entire 5 A and 12 G

by putting up a fencing all around the land.  When matter stood thus, on

4.12.1965, BEL which acquired a huge track of land including Survey No.

101/1 measuring 5 A 17 G, through its  officials removed the fencing put up

by V.Varadaraju and started enclosing a part of his land (on the southern

side) by putting up a compound wall.

2.2) Varadaraju filed a suit for injunction in O.S. No. 700 of 1965. The

said suit was dismissed by judgment dated 27.9.1977 holding that the said

Varadaraju had failed to prove that he was in lawful possession of the suit

property.  In the course of the said judgment the learned Munsiff observed

that Varadaraju having failed to prove his possession of the suit schedule

property, he was not entitled to the relief of permanent injunction against

the defendant BEL and that he may, if so advised, bring a separate action for

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re-establishing  his  title  to  5  A  12  G  and  seek  consequential  relief  of

obtaining possession, to the suit land or any portion thereof, which is not in

his possession.  Thereafter the said Varadaraju died, and the plaintiffs as his

legal heirs filed an appeal (R.A. No. 129 of 1977) against the dismissal of

the  injunction  suit  and  the  appeal  was  dismissed  as  being  barred  by

limitation on 7.6.1983.   

2.3) Though what was acquired by BEL was only 5 A  17 G in Survey No.

101  (subsequently  assigned  the  sub  number  101/1),  it  had  in  addition

encroached upon 2 A 12 G out of 5 A 12 G in Sy.No.101/2 belonging to the

plaintiffs, in 1965 by including it in their compound. They were therefore

entitled to a declaration of title in regard to 5 A 12 G in Survey No. 101/2

and for a direction to BEL to deliver possession of the 2 A 12 G which was

in their unlawful possession, and an inquiry into mesne profits.

3. The suit was contested by BEL.  BEL did not dispute the fact that

what was acquired for its benefit in the year 1954 was an extent of 5 A 17 G

in Survey No. 101. It however denied the title of plaintiffs in regard to 5 A

12 G in Sy.No.101 and also denied that it had encroached an extent of 2 A

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12 G out of the said 5 A 12 G. BEL contended that it had been in possession

of its land ever since the time of acquisition and that it did not encroach or

add any land in 1965 or any other time and therefore the suit was barred by

limitation.

4. The  trial  court,  after  considering  the  evidence,  passed  a  judgment

dated 11.8.1995.  It held that the plaintiffs had proved that they were the

owners  of  Survey  No.  101/2  measuring  5  A  12  G  and  that  BEL  had

encroached an extent of 2 A 12 G out of the said land. It, therefore, decreed

the  suit  as  prayed.   It  may be  mentioned  that  the  consideration   of  the

evidence, both documentary and oral, by the trial court is rather without full

and exhaustive consideration.

5. Feeling aggrieved, BEL filed an appeal before the High Court.  The

High  Court  after  exhaustive  consideration  of  the  evidence,  held  that

plaintiffs  had  failed  to  prove  that  BEL,  a  defence  establishment,  had

encroached or came into possession of any land which was in the possession

of the plaintiffs at any point of time. Consequently the High Court allowed

the first appeal, set aside the judgment of the trial court and dismissed the

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suit as a speculative litigation. The said judgment is under challenge in this

appeal by special leave.   

6. At the outset,  it  should be noted that BEL claims title in regard to

only  5  A 17  G of  land  (Survey  No.  101/1)  which  was  acquired  for  its

benefit.   It  does  not  claim title  or  possession  in  regard  to  any  land  in

acquisition of 5 A 12 G in Survey No. 101/2.  It also does not admit that the

plaintiffs are the owners of Survey No. 101/2 measuring 5 A 12 G or that it

had encroached upon or in illegal possession of any portion of Survey No.

101/2, in particular, the southern part of Sy.No.101/2 measuring 2 A 12 G

as  alleged  by  the  plaintiffs.   As  noticed  above,  the  trial  court  did  not

examine the evidence  in  detail.   On the other  hand,  the High Court  had

considered all the relevant exhibits and the oral evidence and recorded clear

findings  that  plaintiff’s  father  was  never  in  possession  of  the  disputed

portion of 2 A 12 G and that BEL did not encroach upon the said 2 A 12 G

in the year 1965 as alleged.  The High Court held that as the plaintiffs failed

to prove that they were ever in possession of the said 2 A 12 G and that

BEL had encroached upon 2 A 12 G in 1965, the suit had to fail.  This is

purely a finding of fact arrived at on appreciating the evidence and does not

involve any question of law. Therefore, the decision of the High Court does

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not call for interference under article 136 of the Constitution. Having said

so, we may briefly to the contentions of the appellant to demonstrate that

they are without merit.

7. As noticed above, the specific case of the plaintiffs is that Varadaraju

did not get physical possession of the land when he purchased the land in

the year 1961; that subsequently he got actual physical possession of 5 A 12

G on 1.8.1962 from Deputy Commissioner and competent authority under

the Requisition Act and he was in possession of the entire property of 5 A

12 G by putting up a fence and that BEL encroached upon 2 A 12 G in 1965

when it started putting up a compound wall. Ex.P1 is the sale deed dated

1.12.1961 in favour of Varadaraju.  It clearly states that the extent of 5 A 12

G in Sy.No.101 sold to Varadaraju was under requisition and therefore only

symbolic possession was delivered to him. What is  significant  is  that the

said  sale  states  that  a  portion  of  the  land  sold  to  Varadaraju  was  in  the

unauthorized  occupation  of  BEL.  This  would  mean  that  the  alleged

encroachment was not in 1965, but long prior to 1.12.1961 when the land

was purchased by Varadaraju. Admittedly BEL did not surrender any land

to Varadaraju after 1.12.1961. Nor does plaintiffs claim that BEL released

any land after 1.12.1961.  Therefore   when     land     which      was     the

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subject    matter of    sale was       released     from     requisition     in the

year 1962, Varadaraju could not have got physical possession of entire 5 A

12 G in Sy.No.101, as portion thereof was already in possession of BEL

according to the sale deed. If Varadaraju did not get possession of 5 A 12 G

from the competent  authority under the Requisition Act on 1.8.1962,  his

claim that  he was in  possession of 5 A 12 G from 1.8.1962 and he had

fenced the said extent and that in December, 1965, BEL removed the fence

and encroached an extent of 2 A 12 G of land in Sy.No.101/2 becomes false.

8. Ex P-2 is  the order  under which the competent authority under the

Requisition Act is stated to have released 5 A 12 G of land in Survey No.

101  in  favour  of  Anjaneya  Gowda,  that  is  the  vendor  of  Varadaraju  on

1.8.1962. On the reverse of it, there is an endorsement made by Varadaraju,

father of the plaintiff to the following effect :-

“I have accepted the possession of land bearing Sy. No. 101 measuring 5 A 12 G on the following conditions, that I will be paid crop compensation for 5 years and also that should be paid arrear crop compensation for 5 years and also that I should be paid arrear crop compensation as has been paid  to  others  and  as  mentioned by to  erstwhile  owner  Sri  H.  Anjane Gowda.  Also I should be compensated for the changes towards leveling the land which is uneven, falling which, you have to get it levelled and also the boundaries of the land should be marked.”

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Thus Ex P2 cannot be of any assistance to show that Varadaraju got actual

physical possession of 5 A 12 G of land in Sy.No.101 on 1.8.1962. The fact

that  Varadaraju  did  not  secure  physical  possession  of  5  A  12  G  also

becomes evident from the recital in the endorsement accepting possession

made on Ex.P2 by Varadaraju, that the boundaries of the said land were yet

to be marked. It is thus clear from the endorsement that Varadaraju got only

partial physical possession in regard to 5 A 12 G on release from acquisition

and the land of 5 A 12 G in entirety was not identified. There is thus very

serious  doubt/dispute  as  to  whether  Varadaraju  got  valid  title  and

possession of 5A 12 G and whether his vendor Anjaneya Gowda owned and

possessed  5 A 12 G in Sy. No.101.

9. The appellant next contended that the Commissioners were appointed

thrice, that is first time in the injunction suit (OS No.700/1965), second time

by the trial court in OS No.1831 of 1989 and third time by the High Court in

RFA No.93/1996 and the Commissioners submitted reports which showed

an encroachment of 2 A 12 G by BEL and this crucial evidence has been

ignored.  In  so  far  as  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  appointed  by  the

learned  Munsiff  in  the  injunction  suit  (OS  No.700/1965)  the  trial  court

while dismissing the said suit filed by the father of the plaintiffs, held that

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the inference of the Commissioner in his report that plaintiff Varadaraju was

entitled to 5 A 12 G in Sy.No.101/2 was unwarranted and the report does

not show that Varadaraju was in possession of entire extent.  The said report

in the earlier suit is therefore of no assistance to the plaintiffs. Insofar as the

report  of the Commissioner appointed by the trial court it  is true that the

report opined that 2 A 12 G in Survey No.101/2 was in possession of BEL.

But it was found that the said opinion was an inference without basis, as the

boundaries could not be identified and the 2 A 12 G was not demarcated

with  reference  to  any  acceptable  revenue  or  survey  records.  As  noticed

above neither the 5 A 17 G in Survey No.101/1 belonging to BEL, nor the

portion  of  Survey  No.101/2  allegedly  in  the  possession  of  BEL  was

demarcated. BEL had within its compound a huge area running into several

hundreds acres and there was no evidence to show that it had encroached

any land. It is for this reason that the High Court appointed a Commissioner.

The report and evidence of the Commissioner appointed by the High Court

was  also  found  to  be  of  no  assistance  as  the  sketch  prepared  by  him

mentioned only the area that in the occupation of the plaintiff as 2 A 37 G,

but did not give the area in the occupation of  BEL. The Commissioner did

not say that 2 A 12 G were encroached by BEL. He also admitted that he

had no reference point by which he could measure or identify the disputed

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land.  His  statement  that  he  took measurements  with  reference  to  Survey

No.97 as a contiguous land, was also found to be incorrect as Survey No.97

was  not  a  contiguous  land.  He also  admitted  that  he  could  not  give  the

Survey number of the land to the East of Survey No.101 and that he had

also  not  relied  upon  any  official  records.  Therefore  the  Commissioners’

evidence is of no assistance.

10. We are therefore of the view that the finding of fact recorded by the

High Court that the plaintiffs did not prove that they were the owners in

possession of 5 A 12 G, does not call for interference. Neither plaintiffs nor

their father were ever in possession of more than 3 acres (or 2 A 37 G as per

Commissioner’s report).  In fact the trial court completely ignored the fact

that when 5 A 17 G was acquired for the benefit of defendant, it was clearly

demarcated as the land to the South of the railway line and also to the West

of the railway line. The remaining land in Survey No.101 was to the North

of the railway line. It may be mentioned that the railway line dividing the

Southern portion belonging to BEL and the Northern portion which was not

acquired,  was  subsequently  removed  and  there  is  no  way  of  knowing

whether any extent of Survey No.101 to the North of the BEL’s land was

encroached by anyone or taken over by Railways. Be that as it may. The

finding recorded by the High Court that the plaintiffs were not in possession

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of 2 A 12 G at any point of time and that plaintiffs failed to prove that BEL

had  encroached  2  A  12  G  out  of  Sy.  No.  101/2  of  land  belonging  to

plaintiffs shows that they were not entitled to the reliefs sought and also that

their suit was hopelessly barred by time. If plaintiffs and their father never

had possession of ‘2 A 12 G’ of land from the date of purchase in 1961,

obviously, the suit filed in 1989 for was declaration of title and possession

was barred by limitation.  

11. The appeal is therefore dismissed.        

…………………………..J. (R V Raveendran)

New Delhi; …………………………J. March 27, 2009. (Markandey Katju)

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