http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 1 of 5  

CASE NO.: Appeal (civil)  5186 of 2006

PETITIONER: State of Himachal Pradesh & Ors.                                 

RESPONDENT: Surinder Singh Banolta                                           

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 24/11/2006

BENCH: S.B. Sinha & Markandey Katju

JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T (Arising out of SLP (C) No. 7381 of 2005) WITH

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5187 OF 2006 (Arising out of SLP (C) No. 22043 of 2005)

S.B. Sinha, J.

       Leave granted.

       Constitution of India is suprema lex.  Part IX of the Constitution of  India was inserted by Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992.   Article 243B mandates that there shall be constituted in every State,  Panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels in accordance with  the provisions of the said Part.  Part IX speaks of composition of panchayats  (Article 243C), reservation of seats (Article 243D), and duration of  panchayats (Article 243E).  It also provides for disqualifications for  membership in terms of Article 243F stating:

"243F. Disqualifications for membership.--(1) A  person shall be disqualified for being chosen as,  and for being, a member of a Panchayat--   (a)    if he is so disqualified by or under any law  for the time being in force for the purposes of  elections to the Legislature of the State concerned:  Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the  ground that be is less than twenty-five years of  age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years;

(b)   if he is so disqualified by or under any law  made by the Legislature of the State.   (2) If any question arises as to whether a member  of a Panchayat has become subject to any of the  disqualifications mentioned in clause (1), the  question shall be referred for the decision of such  authority and in such manner as the Legislature of  a State may, by law, provide."

       Article 243O of the Constitution of India imposes a bar to interference  by courts in electoral matters stating:

"243O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral  matters.--Notwithstanding anything in this  Constitution--  

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 2 of 5  

(a)   the validity of any law relating to the  delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of  seals to such constituencies made or purporting to  be made under article 243K, shall not be called in  question in any court;  (b)   no election to any Panchayat shall be called  in question except by an election petition presented  to such authority and in such manner as is  provided for by or under any Law made by the  legislature of a State."

       The State of Haryana pursuant to the constitutional mandate as  noticed hereinbefore enacted the Himachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act,  1994 (for short "the Act").  Chapter IX of the Act lays down general  provisions relating to incorporation, duration, territorial constituencies of  panchayat and qualifications, etc. of office-bearers.  Section 122 of the Act  provides for disqualifications, the relevant provisions whereof read as under:

"122(1) : A person shall be disqualified for being  chosen as, and for being, an office bearer, of a  Panchayat \026  (a)     if he is so disqualified by or under any law  for the time being in force for the purposes of the  election to the State Legislature:

Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the  ground that he is less than 25 years, if he has  attained the age of 21 years; (b)     *                       *               * (c)     if he has encroached upon any land  belonging to, or taken on lease or requisitioned by  or on behalf of, the State Government, a  Municipality, a Panchayat or a Co-operative  Society unless a period of six years has elapsed  since the date on which he is ejected therefrom or  he ceases to be the encroacher; or *               *               * (2)     The question whether a person is or has  become subject to any of the disqualifications  under sub-section (1), shall after giving an  opportunity to the person concerned of being  heard, be decided \026  (i)     if such question arises during the process of  an election, by an officer as may be authorized in  this behalf by the State Government, in  consultation with the State Election Commission;  and (ii)    if such question arises after the election  process is over, by the Deputy Commissioner."

       Chapter IX deals with the officers and staff of panchayats.  Clause (f)  of Section 159 defines "election" to mean an election to fill an office under  the provisions of the Act.  Section 162 of the Act, in tune with the provisions  of Article 243O of the Constitution of India provides that no election under  the Act will be called in question except by an election petition presented in  accordance with the provisions of Chapter XI.   

       Sections 163 of the Act reads as under:

"163(1) Any elector of a Panchayat may, on  furnishing, the prescribed security in the  prescribed manner, present within thirty days of  the publication of the result, on one or more of the  grounds specified in sub-section (1) of section 175,  to the authorized officer an election petition in

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 3 of 5  

writing against the election of any person under  this Act. (2)     The election petition shall be deemed to  have been presented to the authorized officer \026  (a)     when it is delivered to him \026          (i)     by the person making the petition; or         (ii)    by a person authorized in writing in  this behalf by the person making petition; or (b)     when it is sent by registered post and is  delivered to the authorized officer or any other  person empowered to receive it."

       Section 174 of the Act provides for jurisdiction of the court to pass  order in the manner laid down therein after inquiring into the election  petition by the authorized officer.

       Section 175 of the Act provides for the grounds upon which an  election petition can be dismissed or an election can be set aside.

       Respondent herein was elected as a member of Zilla Parishad.  The  result of election was declared on 5.01.2001.  An application was filed by  Respondent No. 2 Daulat Ram before the Deputy Commissioner, Shimla  District alleging that as he, having been declared an encroacher within the  meaning of the provisions of Sections 4 and 7 of the Himachal Pradesh  Public Premises (Rent Recovery and Land Eviction) Act, 1971 was  disqualified to hold the elected post and, thus, should not be allowed to  continue therein.  The Deputy Commissioner took cognizance of the said  complaint and by reason of an order dated 4.06.2002 declared Respondent  No. 1 as disqualified for being chosen as a member of the Zilla Parishad and  consequently his election was set aside.

       It is not in dispute that a proceeding under the Himachal Pradesh Land  Revenue Act was initiated against Respondent No. 1.  He was held to be  unauthorized occupant of a land measuring 13 biswas in terms of the  provisions of the Himachal Pradesh Public Premises (Rent Recovery and  Land Eviction) Act by the Collector, Sub-Division, Theog.  The said order  was confirmed by the Financial Commissioner of the Shimla Division by an  order dated 6.08.1998.  We will proceed on the basis that the said order has  attained finality although there appears to be some dispute in relation  thereto.

       Respondent No. 1 was declared to be an encroacher in the year 1998.   He was directed to be ejected from the land in question.  The notification for  election of Zilla Parishad by the State Election Commission under the Act  was issued on 16.11.2000.  As noticed hereinbefore, Respondent No. 1 was  declared elected on 5.01.2001.  In terms of the provisions of Article 243O  read with Section 163 of the Act, an election petition, therefore, was  maintainable for setting aside his election.

       Disqualification as provided for under Article 243F has been laid  down in Section 122 of the Act.  Section 175 of the Act provides for  disqualification as one of the grounds upon which an election petition could  be filed.  Interpreting the aforementioned provisions, a Division Bench of  the Himachal Pradesh High Court opined that the order dated 27.06.2002  passed by the Deputy Commissioner is not sustainable in law.

       Mr. J.S. Attri, learned AAG appearing on behalf of the appellants  would submit that although the provisions of Section Section 163 are  ordinarily required to be taken recourse to but having regard to the fact that  in terms of Sub-section (2) of Section 122 of the Act, the question as regards  declaring a candidate as disqualified may arise not only before an election is  held but also after the election process is over; and thus, whereas in the  former case, it will be the Authorised Officer concerned who can determine  the question of disqualification but in a case where processes are initiated

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 4 of 5  

after the election, the Deputy Commissioner alone would be the prescribed  authority.

       Section 163 of the Act provides for filing of an election petition on  one or more grounds specified in Sub-section (1) of Section 175 thereof.   Clause (a) of Sub-section (1) of Section 175 of the Act inter alia lays down a  ground for setting aside of an election if on the date of the election the  elected person was not qualified or disqualified to be elected under the Act.

       It is no doubt true that Section 122 contemplates both the situations,  viz., where a person shall be disqualified for being chosen as also for being  an office bearer of panchayat inter alia if he has encroached upon any land  belonging to any authority mentioned therein.  In view of the language of the  said provision, we are of the view that whereas an issue falling under clause  (1) of Sub-section (2) of Section 122 of the Act must be determined before  the Authorised Officer, any order of encroachment passed after the election  process is over would be determined by the Deputy Commissioner.

       The provisions of the Act, as noticed hereinbefore, have been enacted  pursuant to or in furtherance of the constitutional mandate contained in Part  IX of the Constitution of India.  The provisions of the Act, therefore, are  required to be construed strictly in terms thereof.  Clause (b) of Article 243O  of the Constitution of India mandates that no election shall be set aside save  and except by an order passed by the Authorised Officer.  In our considered  opinion, Section 122 of the Act must be read in the light thereof.  Section  162 of the Act expressly provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the  Authorised Officer to determine the existence or otherwise of any ground  enumerated in Section 175 of the Act.

       Once, thus, a person is declared to be an encroacher prior to the date  on which he has been declared as elector and if the said order has attained  finality, the question as to whether he stood disqualified in terms of the  provisions of Section 122 of the Act, in our opinion, must be raised by way  of an election petition alone.  If the submission of Mr. Attri is to be  accepted, the same may result in an anomalous position.

       If a candidate or a voter had the knowledge that the elected candidate  was disqualified in terms of Section 122 of the Act, he may file an  application.  The order of eviction may come to the notice of some other  person after the election process is over.  A situation, thus, may arise where  two different proceedings may lie before two different authorities at the  instance of two different persons.  Two parallel proceedings, it is well  settled, cannot be allowed to continue at the same time.  A construction of a  statute which may lead to such a situation, therefore, must be avoided.   It  will also lead to an absurdity if two different Tribunals are allowed to come  to contradictory decisions.   

       Furthermore, it is a well-known principle of law that where literal  interpretation shall give rise to an anomaly or absurdity, the same should be  avoided.  [See Ashok Lanka v. Rishi Dixit, (2005) 5 SCC 598 and M.P.  Gopalakrishnan Nair v. State of Kerala,(2005) 11 SCC 45]

       It is also a well-settled principle of law that in a case where a statute is  found to be obscure the same must be interpreted having regard to the  constitutional scheme.  In a case of this nature, the doctrine of purposive  construction should be applied.  [See Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd.(3) v.  Bombay Environmental Action Group & Ors. (2006) 3 SCC 434, Nathi Devi  v. Radha Devi Gupta (2005) 2 SCC 271, Lalit Mohan Pandey v. Pooran  Singh & Ors. (2004) 6 SCC 626, Indian Handicrafts Emporium & Ors. v.  Union of India & Ors. (2003) 7 SCC 589 and Balram Kumawat v. Union of  India & Ors. (2003) 7 SCC 628]

       It is also well-settled that the entire statute must be read as a whole.   The relevant provisions of the Constitution as also those in the statute must,  thus, be read harmoniously.  [See Bombay Dyeing (supra) and Secretary,

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 5 of 5  

Department of Excise & Commercial Taxes and Others v. Sun Bright  Marketing (P) Ltd., Chhattisgarh and Another [(2004) 3 SCC 185].  So read,  we are of the opinion that the Division Bench of the High Court was correct  in its view.  The matter might have been different if Respondent No. 1 was  declared to be an encroacher after the election process was over and, thus,  becoming disqualified  to continue to be an office bearer of Panchayat or  Zilla Parishad.

       For the reasons aforementioned, no fault can be found in the  impugned judgment.  It is, therefore, affirmed.  The appeals are dismissed  with costs.  Counsel’s fee assessed at Rs. 10,000/-