http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 1 of 5  

CASE NO.: Appeal (civil)  7103 of 1999

PETITIONER: M/s Noble Synthetics Ltd.                                                

RESPONDENT: Collector of Central Excise, Bombay                                 

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 17/03/2005

BENCH: S.N. Variava,Dr. AR. Lakshmanan & S.H. Kapadia

JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T

Dr. AR. Lakshmanan, J.

       The above appeal was filed against the final order No. 821/99-C dated  17.08.1999 passed by the Customs, Excise & Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New  Delhi (hereinafter called "the Tribunal") in Appeal No. E/4487/93-C.  

       The appellants are a small-scale unit engaged in the manufacture of various  grades of acrylic polymers, namely, Synocure 867S, Synocure 823S, Synocure 862X  and Synocure 868.  The appellants had filed three classification lists bearing No. 1/90- 91 dated 03.04.1990, 4/90-91 dated 10.04.1990 and 6/90-91 dated 05.06.1990  respectively classifying the aforesaid products as acrylic polymers in primary form  under Chapter Sub-heading 3906.90 of the first schedule to the Central Excise Tariff  Act, 1985 claiming concessional rate of duty @ 40% ad valorem in terms of Sr. No. 42  of the schedule to the notification No. 53/88 dated 01.03.1988.  The appellants, vide  their letter dated 11.10.1990, addressed to the Assistant Collector submitted that there  was a clerical error in filing the aforesaid classification lists and the correct rate of du ty  should have been @ 20% ad valorem in terms of Sr. No. 9 of the schedule to the  notification No. 53/88 dated 01.03.1988.  The appellants also filed a revised  classification list No. 9/90-91 dated 17.10.1990 in respect of the above products.  In the  revised classification list Sr. No. 9 to the notification 53/88 dated 01.03.1988 was  claimed contending that the products are emulsions.  

       The revised classification list filed by the appellants on 17.10.1990 was  approved by the jurisdictional Assistant Collector on 25.10.1990 i.e. within a period of 8  days.  The appellants declared the above products as emulsions in their revised  classification list with intent to avail the lower concessional rate of duty @ 20% ad  valorem.   

       A show-cause notice dated 03.01.1992 was issued to the appellants alleging  that the revised classification list was not in accordance with the circumstances as  stated in Rule 173 B (4) of the Central Excise Rules, 1944.  The show-cause notice  alleged collusion between the Assistant Collector, who approved the revised  classification list on 25.10.1990 and the appellants.  The show-cause notice further  proposed to demand a differential duty of Rs. 9,95,928/- for the period 27.10.1990 to  04.12.1991 by invoking the extended period of limitation under proviso to Section 11A  of the Central Excise Act, 1944.  A proposal was also made to confiscate the land,  building, plant and machinery under Rule 173 Q (2) of the Rules.     

       The Collector of Central Excise, Bombay-III adjudicated the show-cause notice  vide order dated 19.05.1993 confirming the demand of Rs. 9,95,928/- and a penalty of  Rs. 10 lacs.  The building, land, plant and machinery were also confiscated with an  option to redeem the same on payment of Rs. 5 lacs.  

       Being aggrieved by the order of the Collector of Central Excise, the appellants

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 2 of 5  

filed an appeal before the Tribunal, which disposed of the said appeal vide its final order  dated 17.08.1999 modifying the impugned order in original to the extent of reduction of  penalty from Rs. 10 lacs to Rs. 5 lacs.  Being aggrieved by the above order of the  Tribunal, the appellants have filed the present civil appeal before this Court.   

       We heard Mr. Rajiv Dutta, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant  and Mr. R. Venkataramani, learned senior counsel appearing for the sole respondent.   We have also perused the orders passed by the authorities and also of the Tribunal,  opinion of the experts and the enclosures filed along with the appeal.  Mr. Rajiv Dutta,  leaned senior counsel appearing for the appellant, invited our attention to the relevant  pleadings and the orders impugned in this appeal made the following submissions:-   a)      In the course of the proceedings before the Collector of Central Excise, the  appellant had produced the technical opinions of Professors of the Indian  Institute of Technology, Bombay and the Department of Chemical Technology,  University of Bombay.  The Collector had behind the back of the appellant  forwarded these opinions to the Deputy Chief Chemist of the Central Excise  Collectorate for his opinion and also requested certain tests to be carried out on  the samples of the appellant’s products, reports of which were required to be  submitted to the Collector.  In pursuance of this request, the Deputy Chief  Chemist carried out certain tests on the appellant’s products and forwarded his  report to the Collector under his letter dated 13.03.1992 and also submitted his  opinion on the technical opinions produced by the appellant.  According to  learned senior counsel, the appellant was kept in the dark of the test results of  the products and also of the opinion of the Deputy Chief Chemist on the  technical aspect, right through the proceedings before the Collector.  It was only  when the matter came up before the Tribunal in appeal, the Tribunal suo motu  directed the Department to produce the test reports of the appellant’s products in  its order dated 08.02.1999.  Thereafter, the Department filed copies of its  reports, inspection of which was given to the appellant’s in August, 1999; b)      On taking inspection, the appellant’s were shocked to see for the first time  that: i.      The Collector, as borne out by his letter No. F.V/Adj(15) SCN-205/91/B.III  dated 20.7.1992 had submitted the expert opinions filed by the Appellant  to the Deputy Chief Chemist for his opinion and requested for the test  results of the Appellant’s products, which fact was suppressed from the  Appellant at all material times. ii.     In pursuance of this request the Deputy Chief Chemist by his letter dated  13th March, 1992 addressed to the Collector had submitted his results  and also had rebutted the technical opinions produced by the appellant,  which fact too has been suppressed from the appellant at all material  times. iii.    That the Collector has followed the findings of the Deputy Chief Chemist  in his order dated 19.5.1993 and held against the appellant. iv.     The action of the Department in suppressing the test results of the  appellant’s products is also in direct breach of the provisions of Rule 56  of the Central Excise Rules whereunder the Department is bound to  communicate the results of all tests to the manufacturer and the  manufacturer has the right to request for a re-test within 90 days.  As  these test reports were never communicated by the Collector to the  appellant they have been denied their statutory right of a re-test as  provided by the said Rules. c)      The appellant on becoming aware of the aforesaid facts filed their affidavit dated  14.08.1999 placing these facts on record and requested the Tribunal to set aside  the order of the Collector as being in breach of the principles of natural justice  and of Rule 56.  A hearing was held before the Tribunal on 17.08.1999 when  relevant submissions were made in that behalf.  The Tribunal, however, by its  impugned order brushed aside the preliminary contention of the appellant by  observing as follows:         "We are inclined to agree with the learned SDR that  non-supply of test report;  which is adverse to the appellants,  has not been referred to in the Show Cause Notice and which  has not been relied upon by the adjudicating authority in  arriving at its findings, does not lead to violation of any  principles of natural justice."

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 3 of 5  

d)      That the said order amounts to grave travesty of justice and is grossly  unconscionable and that the test reports could not have been referred to in the  show-cause notice as the show-cause notice has been issued earlier on  03.01.1992 while the request by the Collector to the Deputy Chief Chemist was   made later as borne out by letter dated 20.07.1992 of the Collector; e)      That the principles of natural justice require a complete disclosure of all evidence   on record to the assessee and the impugned order is clearly in breach of the  principles of natural justice and has denied the appellant their right to a fair  hearing; f)      Once an adjudicating authority refers certain evidence produced by the  assessee for the technical opinion of the Deputy Chief Chemist of the  Department, he is bound by the principles of natural justice to furnish the Deputy  Chief Chemist’s report to the assessee.  The assessee would then have an  opportunity to rebut the Department’s evidence; g)      The proceedings before the Collector are quasi judicial in nature.  A complete  disclosure of all material before the Collector has to be made to the assessee  who is entitled to notice of the same and no evidence can be sought to be  collected behind the back of a party as the same results in a denial of a fair  hearing; h)      The impugned order is also bad on merits as it totally ignores and fails to  appreciate that the products manufactured by the appellant are of highly  technical nature and that the commercial parlance test would not apply in the  given case; i)      The opinion of the Deputy Chief Chemist in respect of the technical opinion as  well as the test report is adverse to the appellant, so also is the order passed by  the Collector.  The said adverse evidence was admittedly before the Collector  when he passed his order and the same was deliberately kept back from the  appellant.  It was submitted that the impugned order can create a totally wrong  and dangerous precedent in law inasmuch as it seeks to permit an adjudicating  officer to obtain vital evidence on the subject matter of a dispute and refuse to  disclose it to the assessee simply by not referring to it specifically in the  adjudication order.  Moreover, it seeks to permit an adjudicating officer to obtain  test results of the assesse’s products behind his back and not reveal the same  to them.  j)      The impugned order is also in gross and direct breach of Rule 56 of the Central  Excise Rules which embodies the principles of natural justice.  Under Rule 56(2)  the test results of all tests conducted are required to be communicated to the  manufacturer and by virtue of Rule 56(4) where the manufacturer is aggrieved  by the result of the test, he may within 90 days request for the samples to be re- tested.  In the instant case, the appellant has been denied their statutory right of  being informed of the test results and also of a request for a re-test; k)      On merits, it was submitted that the Tribunal failed to consider the appellant’s  submissions that the respondent erred in ignoring the overwhelming technical  evidence, supporting the facts that the products in question is liable to duty as  provided by Sl. No. 9 of the schedule to the Government of India Notification No.  53/88 dated 01.03.1988.  The Tribunal also failed to consider that the  Department had not produced an iota of technical evidence contrary to the  experts opinion on the products.  The Tribunal further failed to appreciate that  collusion being a serious offence, the burden of proof should have been strictly  discharged by the Department, which the Department has failed to do.              The learned counsel prayed to reverse the order passed by the Tribunal to the  extent it dismisses the appellant’s appeal.  

       Mr. R. Venkataramani, learned senior counsel for the sole respondent in reply to  the arguments advanced by learned senior counsel for the appellant submitted that the  order passed by the Tribunal dismissing the appeal filed by the appellant herein is in  order and is unassailable and that it is legally permissible for the adjudicating authoritie s  to make such enquiries as are necessary for adjudicating the case and thus it cannot be  alleged the Collector had forwarded the opinion to the Deputy Chemist behind the back  of the appellant’s.  He reiterated the other contentions raised before the lower  authorities.  

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 4 of 5  

       In the above background of facts, the issue in the present matter is whether the  appellant’s products fall under Sl. No. 9 or Sl. No 42 of Exemption Notification No.  53/88 dated 01.03.1988.  The said entries are as follows:

Serial No. 9

3905.10 or 3905.90 or  3906.90  Homopolymer and copolymer resin emulsions  based on acrylic and/or vinyl monomers  20% ad  valorem  Serial No. 42

39.01 to 39.15 All goods other than polyurethane’s falling  under Sub-heading No. 3909.60, waste, parings  and scrap of flexible polyurethane foam falling  under heading No. 39.15 and polyvinyl chloride  of paste grade or battery grade falling under  heading No. 39.04  40% ad  valorem

       In the above case, the appellant’s had produced technical opinions of Professors  of I.I.T., Bombay and the Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay.   Since the Collector required certain clarifications with regard to the above opinions, he  forwarded the same to the Deputy Chemist for his opinion.  The Collector also  requested for tests to be carried out on the samples of the appellant’s products seeking  all the clarifications with regard to the opinions of professors without the knowledge of  the appellant is challenged by the appellant as violative of principles of natural justice.    In our view, seeking the views of the Deputy Chemist by any stretch of imagination  cannot be a matter for finding fault with.  There is nothing wrong in this.  It is always  legally permissible for the adjudicating authorities to make such enquiries as are  necessary for adjudicating the case.  Thus, it cannot be alleged that the Collector has  forwarded the opinions to the Deputy Chemist behind the back of the appellant.  

       Pursuant to the above request, the Deputy Chemist carried out certain tests and  forwarded his report to the Collector vide his letter dated 13.03.1992.  In the said letter,   it was indicated that the composition of ingredients used and process of manufacture  given were different from what had been forwarded earlier to the laboratory along with  the test memo.  Since the products themselves were different and the report  inconclusive, the adjudicating authority did not deem it fit to rely on the report or supply   a copy of the test report on the samples sent to the chemical examiner.  It is seen from  the records that the Tribunal on its own directed the Department to produce the test  report of the appellant’s product vide order dated 08.02.1999.  As the report given by  the Chief Examiner has not been relied upon by the adjudicating authority in arriving at  the findings, there is no violation of any principles of natural justice as has been rightly   held by the Tribunal.  This apart, there is no question of any suppression from the  appellant since the test results of the Deputy Chief Chemist were not relied upon by the  Department.  The findings were absolutely independent of the test report.  Therefore, it  is futile to contend that there is breach of Rule 56.  In our view, there is no breach of th e  said rule due to non-reliance by the Departments by the test report and, therefore, the  application of the above rule would be there only in case of reliance on the test report  by the Department.  It is also pointed out that, in any case, through out the proceedings  of the case, the appellants have failed to submit any cogent evidence or arguments

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 5 of 5  

against the opinion of the Deputy Chief Chemist.  The Tribunal has clearly clarified this  point in its judgment.  We, therefore, hold that the impugned order is not in violation of  the principles of natural justice as alleged by the appellant.  

       It is also denied by the respondent that the opinion was not considered by the  Tribunal which is clear from their statements relied by the Tribunal.  On the other hand,  the evidence relied upon by the adjudicating authority is based on the commercial  parlance as the product is understood by the appellant’s own technical experts from its  production, planning and purchase departments and also by their customers.  The  Tribunal has, therefore, rightly rejected the technical opinion submitted by the  appellants.  Mr. Rajiv Dutta submitted that the revised classification list is based on  clerical error in the old classification list.  The arguments on the revised classification  list  cannot also be accepted.  This submission is only an afterthought.  Therefore, in our  opinion, the Tribunal has rightly rejected the contentions of the appellant on principles  of natural justice, non-supply of test report.  We are also inclined to agree with the  submission of learned senior counsel for the Department.  The facts and circumstances  as narrated in the records clearly go to show that there was an apparent collusion  between the Assistant Collector and the appellant’s.  There was no substantial reason  for the appellant to file the classification list on 17.10.1999 when they had already filed  three classification lists and got the higher rate approved.  The Tribunal having regard  to the overall facts and circumstances of the case was of the view that the penalty  imposed is very harsh and, therefore, reduced the penalty from Rs. 10 lacs to Rs. 5  lacs.  However, the Tribunal refused to interfere with the quantum of fine imposed on  the appellant in view of the confiscation of the plant, machinery etc.   

       The findings of the Collector and of the Tribunal are based on merits of the case.   The Department had discharged its onus to show that the product in question is acrylic  polymer resin in primary form.  We are also, therefore, satisfied that the products in  question are not covered by sl. No. 9 of notification No. 53/88-CE but would be covered  by sl. No. 42 of the schedule to the said notification.  The appeal stands dismissed.  No  costs.