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CASE NO.: Appeal (civil)  1717-1719 of 1999

PETITIONER: Commnr. of Sales Tax, Delhi & Ors.                                  

RESPONDENT: M/s. Shri Krishna Engg. Co. & Ors.                                  

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 25/01/2005

BENCH: S.N. Variava,Dr. AR. Lakshmanan & S.H. Kapadia

JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T With

Civil Appeal Nos. 308/2003, 313/2003, 314/2003, 315/2003 and                                   SLP (c) No.1954/2003

Dr. AR. Lakshmanan, J.

       The appellants in the above appeals, namely, C.A. Nos. 308, 313, 314, and 315  of 2003 and SLP No. 1954 of 2003 are selling dealers.   The respondents in Civil  Appeal Nos. 1717-1719 of 1999 are the purchasing dealers.   This batch of appeals  raises common question of law.   The facts are essentially similar.   

We shall now take Civil Appeal No. 314 of 2003 filed by one of the selling  dealers, namely, Simran Engineering Works.  They filed the writ petition in the High  Court of Delhi seeking the following reliefs:- "(a)    issue a writ of certiorari or any other writ, order or direction quashing Rule  8(4)(c) which is ultra vires to the provisions of Sec. 4(2)(a)(v) of the Delhi  Sales Tax Act, 1975. (b)     issue a writ of certiorari or any other writ, order or direction quashing Rule  8(4)(c) as the same is beyond the powers of the Administrator conferred  under Section 71 of the Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975 to the extent that  prescribes a condition that the declaration will only be issued if he  deposits the amount of tax. (c)     Issue a writ of mandamus or any other writ, order or direction quashing  Rule 8(4)(c) which is ultra vires to the provisions of the Delhi Sales Tax  Act. (d)     Issue a writ of mandamus or any other writ, order or direction directing  respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to issue the forms withheld vide deficiency memo  dated 29.9.1999 and rejection order dated 13.10.1999 (Annexure ’c’  (colly), to respondent No. 4 without necessitating of deposit of arrears of  Sales Tax who in turn will issue forms to the petitioners and/or also issue  direction directing respondent No.5 to allow deduction on account  of  sales made to respondent No.4 by the petitioner. (e)     Issue any other appropriate writ, order or direction as this Hon’ble Court  may deem fit and proper on the facts and circumstances of the case." Our concern in this batch of matters is whether the selling dealers can canvass  that the Department has no authority to refuse to issue sales tax forms to purchasing  dealers or allow the deduction to the selling dealers and whether any of the provisions  of Rule 8 of the Rules empowers it to do so, if there is such a power. In the present case the appellants had sold goods to registered dealers who are  not being issued the declaration form on account that they being in arrears of some tax  and thereby the selling dealers cannot claim the benefit of Section 4(2)(a)(v) and the  figure of sales become liable to be included in the figure of his taxable turnover. These appeals also involve interpretation of Section 4(2)(a)(v) of the Delhi Sales  Tax Act, 1975 and Rules 7 and 8(4) of the Delhi Sales Tax Rules, 1975.  As already noted the appellants filed writ petitions in the High Court praying for

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an order or direction be issued quashing Rule 8(4)(c) of the Delhi Sales Tax Rules,  1975 (herein after referred to as the "Rules") on the ground that it is ultra vires the  provision of Section 4(2)(a)(v) of the Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975 (hereinafter referred to  as the "Act"). The grievance of the appellants (selling dealers) pertains to the non-issuance of  Sales Tax Forms (ST-I).  In the instant case, a legal question has arisen because the  appellants as the selling dealers sold goods to the respondents-purchasing dealers on  the latter’s assurance that they will supply requisite ST-I forms to the former.   Instead i t  had transpired that the Sales Tax Department has declined to issue ST-I forms to the  purchasing dealers, in this batch of appeals either for the reason that they have  relinquished their registration or because they have not complied with the provisions of  the Act and the Rules.  The consequence of Department’s declining to issue ST-I form  is that the appellant (Selling dealers) would become liable to deposit the sales tax in  respect of transactions in which they are the selling dealers.  The further consequence  would be that unless the appellants deposit the sales tax payable on these transactions  they would render themselves liable for non-issuance of ST-I forms in other  transactions where they may wear mantle of purchasing dealers.  They may also  encounter the extreme penalty of facing derecognition under the Act.    Mr. Rajesh Mahna, learned counsel for the appellant contended that the  appellants are being made to suffer the consequence of failure and defaults on the part  of purchasing dealers in which they have played no part whatsoever and that under the  scheme of the Act they are precluded from charging sales tax from other registered  dealers since such a demand would invite prosecution under the Act.    Learned counsel also argued that they are in a helpless position and would be  compelled to incur sales tax liability for events which are not within their control.     Mr .  Mahna submitted that as per Rule 8(4)(c ) tax assessed must be paid as a condition for  issuance of forms.  The condition to deposit assessed amount of tax is a substantive  provision of law going to the root of the right of the dealer to receive forms.  The Rule  laying down to deposit the assessed amount and therefore it affects the statutory right  of the dealer to receive the forms.  It was further contended that the impugned rule has  been passed beyond the powers conferred under Section 71(2) (b) of the Act and  therefore the rule is in excess of the jurisdiction and authority of law and as such is  liable to be quashed.   It was also urged that the Administrator cannot take upon himself  the power of the Parliament in making any substantive amendments in the Act or the  Rules. This Rule directly affects the vested rights conferred upon the dealers to receive  forms under Section 4.  He further submitted that the legislature lays down the  guidelines for issuance of forms in exercise of powers delegated to the Executive.  Any  Rule made depriving the dealers for obtaining the forms which is in excess of powers is  violative of the constitutional rights, free trade and commerce.  The power has to be  exercised with the strict limits of authority conferred by the Statute. It was also contended that Rules whittle down the rights for the registered  dealers to buy goods without tax on the strength of their registration certificate.   The  said Rule undo the substantive law for which the Administrator has no authority.  The  Rule 8(4)(c) overrides the provisions of the Act itself and undo the Act for the  functioning for which the Rules have been framed. Learned counsel has also invited our attention to a similar case which came up  before the Delhi High Court in the case of M/s. Shri Krishna Engg. Co. vs.  Commissioner of Sales Tax Delhi and Ors. in CWP No.3304 of 1997, whereby the  High Court held that the Rules which are meant for carrying out the provisions of the  Act cannot take away what is conferred by the Act or whittle down its effect. It is to be  noted that against the above judgement, the State has preferred Civil Appeal Nos.1717- 1719 of 1999. We shall deal with the correctness of the above judgment of the Delhi  High Court while considering Civil Appeal Nos. 1717-1719 of 1999 in the later part of  our judgment.    Mr. Ravi P. Mehrotra, learned counsel for the Commr. Of Sales Tax while  arguing the State’s appeal in Civil Appeal No.1717-1719 of 1999 and also replying to  the arguments of counsel for the appellants in the other bunch of appeals made the  following submissions:- a.      Section 71(1) gives the Administrator the power to make Rules for  carrying out the purposes of the Act. b.      Mischief Rule is to be applied to appreciate the true scope of the  amendment.

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c.      Rule 8(4)(c) provides for ample safeguards. d.      Section 72 of the Act is directory in nature since it provides for a negative  procedure. e.      Equity has no role to play in tax matters. Mr. Ravi P. Mehrotra while arguing further submitted that the purpose of Act is  not merely to levy but also to collect tax and in pursuance to that objective, to provide  for safeguards to protect the interest of the Revenue.  Recovery of tax is as much a  purpose under any tax law as levy of tax is, since without an effective process for  recovery of tax there is no purpose for levy of tax.  According to learned counsel for the  State a measure which is intended to check the evasion of tax is undoubtedly a valid  measure and it is in public interest to see that in the guise of freedom of trade, they do  not evade the payment of tax. Explaining the scope of the power of Administrator the  learned counsel submitted that the power of the Administrator to provide for further  safeguards to prevent evasion of tax and to enable the Revenue to check such evasion  and collect tax is liable to be upheld so long as it does not contravene any  specific/express provision of the Act.  In the present case, so long as the impugned rule  does not violate any provision of the Act, it should be upheld as having been framed for  carrying out the purposes of the Act unless it is so remote to the purposes of the Act  that no rational nexus exists between the two.   According to the submissions of the  learned counsel that is not the situation in the present case. He also made the following further submissions:- a)      What was the law before the making of the Act? ?       Unamended Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) provided that the appropriate assessing  authority could withhold the issue of Form ST-1 if the applicant had, at  the time of the application, defaulted in making the payment of the  amount of tax assessed or the penalty imposed which the applicant  admits to be due from him and which is not in dispute. b)      What was the mischief or defect for which the law did not provide? ?       The defect came to be reflected in the Delhi High Court judgment in  Gee Gee Exports Pvt. Ltd. V. Commissioner of Sales Tax,  (reported in [1997] 105 STC 36 (Del) delivered on 08.11.1996) (Y.K.  Sabharwal, J. (as he then was) and D.K. Jain,J.)  In this case, the  assessee had filed a revision petition and stay application against the  assessment order which were pending.  It was held that since the  amount was in dispute and not admitted, therefore, it was directed  that the forms be issued to the assessee.  Therefore, a dealer to  avoid payment of tax and at the same requiring the issuance of Form  ST-1, had to merely file a revision petition along with stay application  and easily bypass the requirement of Rule 8(4)(c)(ii).  The law  therefore did not provide for any mechanism to check this kind of  evasion of tax, which was the purpose of Rule 8(4)(c). c.      What is the remedy that the Act has provided? ?       Rule 8(4)(c) (ii) was amended to provide that issuance of forms may be  withheld if the applicant had defaulted in making the payment of the  amount of tax assessed or the penalty imposed by the assessing  authority in respect of which no orders for instalment / stay have been  obtained from the competent authority under the provisions of law. d.      What is the reason of the remedy? ?       The judgement in the Gee Gee Exports amply demonstrated the  possibility of a dealer to avoid payment of tax by merely filing a revision  petition along with a stay application and at the same time, demanding  from the authorities Form  ST-1.  To avoid this situation and to effectuate  the purpose of the Act to collect tax and further, to prevent evasion of  tax, the impugned amendment was brought in. Elaborating his submissions that Rule 8(4)(c) provides for ample safeguards, Mr.  Ravi P Mehrotra, submitted: Rule 8(4)( c) provides for ample safeguards \026 (a)     That the requirements of Rule 8(4)(c) are not harsh or unreasonable.   Rather, on the other hand, they comply with the rules of natural justice.   The appropriate assessing authority has to afford the applicant an  opportunity of being heard and only after recording his reasons in writing,  can withhold the issue of declaration forms to the applicant and therefore,  is required to make a report to the Commissions of such withholding  within a period of three days from the date of its order. (b)     Order passed by the appropriate assessing authority is appealable under

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Section 43 of the Act.     Before considering the rival submissions made by the counsel appearing on  either side, it is beneficial to reproduce the relevant provisions under the Delhi Sales  Tax Act, 1975 and the Rules made thereunder : (i) That under the Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975, Section 3 is the charging Section, it  provides for the incidence of tax.  It is laid down that every dealer whose turnover  exceeds the taxable quantum shall be liable to pay tax on all sales effected by him.   Sub clause 7 defines taxable quantum.  Section 4 lays down the rate of tax.  Sub- clause 2(a) defines taxable turnover.  For ready reference the provisions are set out  hereunder: Section 4 \026 Rate of tax \026 (1) The tax payable by a dealer under this Act shall be  levied \026 (a)     ------- (b)     -------- (c)     ------ (cc) ------- (d)     ------- (2)     For the purposes of this Act, "taxable turnover" means that part of a  dealer’s turnover during the prescribed period in any year which remains after  deducting therefrom - (a)     his turnover during that period on \026 (i)     sale of goods, the point of sale at which such goods shall be taxable is  specified by the Administrator under section 5 and in respect of which  due tax is shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner to have been  paid; (ii)    sale of goods declared tax-free under Section 7; (iii)   sale of goods not liable to tax under Section 8; (iv)    sale of goods which are proved to the satisfaction of the Commissioner to  have been purchased within a period of twelve months prior to the date of  registration of the dealer and subjected to tax under the Bengal Finance  (Sales Tax) Act, 1941, as it was then in force, or under this Act; (v)     sale to a registered dealer \026 (A)     \005\005.. (1)     \005\005. (2)     \005\005.. (3)     \005\005\005 (B)     \005\005.. (C)     \005\005. (vi)    \005\005\005 Provided  \005\005. Provided\005\005\005 (b)     \005\005. (ii) \005\005.. Rule 7 \026 Condition subject to which a dealer may claim deduction from  his turnover on account of sales to registered dealers \026(1) A dealer who  wishes to deduct from his turnover the amount in respect of sales on the  ground that he is entitled to make such deduction under the provisions of  sub-clause (v) of clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 4, shall produce:  (a)     copies of the relevant cash memos or bills according as the sales  are cash sales or sales on credit, and (b)     a declaration in form ST-I duly filled in and signed by the  purchasing dealer or a person authorised by him in writing: Provided \005\005. Provided \005\005..  (1 (A)\005\005.. (2) \005\005 (3) \005\005 (4)     \005\005. Rule 8 provides as to from whom the declarations have to be obtained  and the procedure for obtaining the same.   The said rule is set out  hereunder : Rule 8 \026 Authority from whom the declaration form may be obtained, and  use, custody and maintenance of records of such forms and matters  incidental thereto \026 (1) The declaration referred to in the second proviso

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to clause (a) of  sub-section(2) of Section 4 shall be in form ST-I which  shall be obtained from the appropriate assessing authority by the  registered dealer intending to purchase goods on the strength of his  certificate of registration. (2)\005 [Provided \005\005 Provided further \005\005 [(2)(A) \005\005 [(3) For obtaining declaration form ST-1, a registered dealer shall apply in  writing to the appropriate assessing authority;] [Provided that the declaration shall be issued to a registered dealer only  after he has rendered satisfactory account of the forms, if any, issued to  him on previous occasions.] (4)(a) [If, for reasons to be recorded in writing] the appropriate assessing  authority is satisfied that the declaration forms have not been used bona  fide by the applicant or that he does not require such Forms bona fide,  the appropriate assessing authority may reject the application or it may  issue such lesser number of forms as it may consider necessary. (b) if the applicant for declaration forms has, at the time of making the  application, failed to comply with an order demanding security from him  under sub-section (1) of section 18, the appropriate assessing authority  shall reject the application. (c) If the applicant for declaration forms has, at the time of making the  application - (i)     defaulted in furnishing any return or returns in accordance with the  provisions of the Act or these Rules, or in payment of tax due  according to such return or returns; or (ii) defaulted in making the payment of the amount of tax assessed or the   penalty imposed by an appropriate assessing authority, which the  applicant admits to be due from him and which is not in dispute; or (iii) been found by an appropriate assessing authority having some  adverse material against him, suggesting  any concealment of sale or  purchase or of furnishing inaccurate particulars in the returns ;

the  appropriate assessing authority shall, after affording the applicant an  opportunity of being heard, withhold, for reasons to be recorded in  writing, the issue of declaration forms to him and the appropriate  assessing authority shall make a report to the Commissioner about such  withholding within a period of three days, from the date of its order:         Provided that the appropriate assessing authority may, instead of  withholding declaration forms, issue to the applicant, with the previous  approval of the Assistant Commissioner appointed under sub-section (2)  of Section 9 of the Act, such forms in such numbers and subject to such  conditions and restrictions as it may consider reasonable;         Provided further that notwithstanding the provisions of any other  rule, the issue of declaration forms to an applicant to whom a certificate  of registration under the Act has been granted for the first time, shall be  withheld by the appropriate assessing authority, until such time as all the  returns for the return period commencing from the date of validity of this  certificate of registration are furnished and tax due according to such  returns is paid by him. (d) Where the appropriate assessing authority does not proceed under  clause (a), clause (b), or clause (c), it shall issue the requisite number of  declaration forms to the applicant.

(5)     \005. (6)     \005. (7)      \005. (8)     \005. (9)     \005 (10)    \005. (11)    \005 (12)    \005.

Provided \005."

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       Rule 9 \005\005.

The Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975 confers power under Section 71 of the Act  on administrator to make the rules.   Section 71 provides for power to make rules  and the same reads as follows: "Section 71 \026 Power to make rules \026 (1) The Administrator may make  rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing  power, such rules may provide for \026 (a)     the further period after the date of expiry of three consecutive years  referred to in sub-section (3) of Section 3 for which liability to pay tax  of a dealer shall continue; (b)     the particulars to be contained in a declaration under sub-clause (v)  of clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 4, or under section 5, as the  case may be the form of such declaration, the authority from whom  such forms shall be obtainable and the manner in which and the time  within which such declaration is to be furnished; (c)     \005\005 (d)     \005\005 (e)     \005\005 (f)     \005\005 (g) the intervals at which, and the manner  in which, the tax under this Act  shall be payable under Section 21; xxxxxx  (s) Any other matter which is required to be, or may be prescribed;

That from the above provisions of law, it emerges that powers have been  conferred upon the Administrator to make such, rules as may provide for  carrying out the purposes of the Act.   Sub-rule (2) provides for (i)     the particulars to be contained in a declaration under sub-clause (v) of  clause (a) of sub-section (2) of Section 4 or under Section 5;            (ii) the form of such declaration;            (iii) the authority from whom such forms shall be obtainable; and (iv) the manner and the time within which such declaration is to be  furnished." Scheme of the Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975  The avowed objective of the Act is to levy a tax on the sale of goods in the National  Capital Territory of Delhi, which is evident from a reading of its preamble.  This  objective is achieved by the charging section \026 Section 3 of the Act, which stipulates  that every dealer whose turnover exceeds the taxable quantum shall be liable to pay tax  on all sales effected by him.  Section 4(2) of the Act refers to ’taxable turnover’ which  means that part of a dealer’s turnover which remains after deduction therefrom the  sundry transactions mentioned in sub-section (a) thereof.  None of the said  transactions, however, postulate that all sales to registered dealers per se qualify as  deductions.  There are three provisos to section 4(2)(a) of the Act, the second proviso  of which declares that no deduction in respect of any sale referred to in sub-clause (v)  shall be allowed unless a true declaration in the prescribed form, duly filled and signed  by a dealer, is furnished to the selling dealer.

       The preamble of the Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975 reads as under: An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the levy of tax on sale  of goods in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

       The undisputed objective of the Act is to levy and collect tax on the sale of  goods in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.  Levy to tax is meaningless if the tax  is not collected.  It can never be the intention of the lawmakers to keep on levying tax  without any effort to collect the tax so levied.  This Court in Indo International  Industries vs. Commissioner of Sales Tax, Uttar Pradesh [1981] 47 STC 359 held  that  "It is well settled that in interpreting items in statutes like the Excise  Tax Acts or Sales Tax Acts, whose primary stipulated object is to  raise revenue\005."

       Needless to stress that the object of every taxing statute is to raise revenue.

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       In The State of Tamil Nadu vs. M.K. Kandaswami and Others, [1975] 36 STC  191, this Court held that where the object of a provision is to plug leakage and  prevent evasion of tax.  In interpreting such provision, a construction which  would defeat its purpose and, in effect, obliterate it from the statute book should  be eschewed.  If more than one construction is possible, that which preserves its  workability and efficacy is to be preferred to the one which would render it otiose or  sterile.

Further a Division Bench of the Karnataka High Court in N.V. Bagi vs.  Commissioner of Commercial Taxes in Karnataka, [1991] 83 STC 449 has held "in  matters which deal with provisions to prevent evasion of tax which is due to the  State the construction of the provision must be strict and in favour of the  enforcement of the provision".           Thus, in our view, the entitlement to deduction under the Act, for purposes of the  present controversy, postulates two requirements \026 1. Sale to a registered dealer and 2.  a true declaration filled and signed by the registered dealer in the prescribed forms (ST- 1) is submitted by the dealer who sells the goods.  Selling/Purchasing dealers, as the  case may be, are liable to pay sales tax on every sale, and would be entitled to deduct  the value of only those transactions in respect of which they are in a position to provide  ST-1 Forms.  In the event of the said forms being unavailable to them for whatever  reason, they are responsible for payment of the tax.  The State cannot lose its tax  entitlement, in the light of the purpose and object of the Sales Tax Act.

Section 71 stipulates that rules may be made for carrying out the purposes of the  Act.  The modalities for claiming deduction and obtaining declaration forms and  withholding of the same, are contained in Rules 7 and 8 of the Delhi Sales Tax Rules.           

The intent behind the devising of ST-1 Forms/C Forms is to avoid multipoint taxation  and enable a dealer passing on the burden of sales tax in such a way that it ultimately  reaches the buyer-consumer.

Section 2(e) defines a ’dealer’ to mean any person who carries on the business of  selling goods in Delhi.  Thereafter sub-section (k) of Section 2 defines ’registered’ to  mean registered under the Act.  Significantly, although the nomenclature ’registered  dealer’ has been used in the Act, this term has not been defined in Section 2.  However,  it does not create any controversy in assuming it to mean any dealer who has been  accorded registration under the Act.  Section 2(e) define ’turnover’ as the aggregate of  the amounts of sale price receivable or actually received by any dealer in respect of any  sale of goods.  As in the case of the term ’registered dealer’, the definition of ’taxable  turnover’ is not contained in Section 2 of the Act.  For the meaning of ’taxable turnover’,  we must travel to Section 4(2) of the Act which clarifies that for the purposes of the Act,  taxable turnover means that part of a dealers turnover which remains after deducting  therefrom the sundry transactions mentioned in sub-section (a) thereof.  None of these,  however, postulates that all sales to registered dealers per se qualify as deductions.

There are three provisos to Section 4(2)(a) of the Act, the penultimate declares that  no deduction in respect of any sale referred to in sub-clause (v) shall be allowed unless  a true declaration in the prescribed form duly filled and signed by a dealer is furnished  to the selling dealer.  The last proviso is also of immense import as it specifies that  where goods are not utilised by the purchasing dealer for the purposes mentioned in  sub-clause (v), the price of such goods shall nonetheless be deductible from the  turnover of the selling dealer and instead, shall be included in the taxable turnover of  the purchasing dealer. Benefits of registration: Registration confers certain benefits, privileges and  concessions. 1)      it gives the registered dealer a right to collect tax. (Section 22).  An unregistere d  dealer cannot collect or charge tax. But:- a)      liability to pay is not dependent upon whether you have collected or not; 2)      a registered dealer can purchase goods specified in his registration certificate on  the strength of such registration without payment of tax by furnishing the  prescribed declaration.

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       It is not a vested right but in the nature of concession or privilege or at best a  statutory right.  Being a statutory right, it is not an absolute right but conditional one.      Considering the full effect of the provisions, we are fortified in our conclusion that  exemption from including the total turnover of the selling dealer is possible only where  the requisite ST-1 form is produced.  The embargo on charging tax under the Act is only  in those instances where the purchasing dealer contemporaneously offers ST-1 Form to  the selling dealer.  The Sales Tax Department neither privy to nor is it concerned with  any assurances that might have been exchanged inter se these parties.  As observed  by the High Court quite frequently ST-1 Forms are obtained from Sales Tax Department  by the purchasing dealer, but for sundry reasons are not forwarded to the selling dealer.   The only legal recourse is for the selling dealer to file a suit for the recovery of the sal es  tax from the purchasing dealer.  There is no reason to deviate from this position.  It  should be recalled that, for the benefit of the assessee, the Rules permit the filing of  exemption Forms till the time of assessment, this is probably the reason why dealers  postpone their obtainment.  There is no reason for the consequences of the dealers  acts of omission or commission to visit the Department.  The Act and the Rules do not  prohibit the simultaneous furnishing of ST-1 Forms.  They, in fact, envisage it.

The Sales Tax department has adopted the following Application Form for issue of  declaration in Form ST-1.  We are reproducing the application form herein below: "Application Form for Issue of Declarations in Forms ST-1. To         The Assessing Authority,         Ward No\005\005\005 1.      Name and style of the business: 2.      Full address: 3.      Local R.C.No.: 4.      No. of unutilised forms in hand: 5.      No. of forms now required: 6.      Return period quarterly/monthly: 7.      The period/year upto which the assessment has been last made: 8.      Whether all returns due till date since the last assessment have been furnished  and the tax due according to them paid? If not, state the defaults and reasons  therof. 9.      Whether the amount of arrears of tax still remains payable.  If so, state the year  and the amount of arrears and reasons for non-payment. I do hereby solemnly affirm and declare that the above information is true and correct  to the best of my knowledge and belief.

                                       Signature of the dealer                                         Status\005\005\005\005\005\005 Please deliver \005. Forms to Shri\005\005\005 an employee of my firm.  His signatures are a s  attested below:                                         Signature of dealer                   Signature of Shri\005\005.. Signature attested Signature" As already noticed in this batch of writ petitions filed by the selling dealers, the  challenge is directed to the vires of Rule 8(4)(c) of the Rules, on the ground that they  traverse beyond the ambit of Section 4(2)(a)(v) of the Act.  The grievance of the  appellant is not that they have requested the Sales Tax Department for issuance of the  Forms in advance and this has been turned down, but that their purchasing dealers  should be supplied with ST-1 Forms regardless of whether such dealers have  relinquished their registered status, or have committed other infractions of the Act and  the Rules.  Even if a purchasing dealer has applied for ST-1 Forms but has not received  them for any reason, the selling dealer is not automatically exonerated from liability.  It  is their statutory duty to collect tax, since the ST-1 Form is not forthcoming.  Likewise,  no reason for the State to lose its revenue merely because the purchasing dealer is  unable to obtain such forms because of its falling in arrears.  It is the dealer, because of   its own acts of omission, who has broken the chain whereby tax is arranged and  devised by the Department to be collected at a single point only.

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It is settled law that equity plays only a minuscule role in fiscal matters, even if  such considerations were to be applied, there would still be no justification for an  application adverse to the interest of the State.  The dealer who has chosen to trust the  other dealer must suffer for his mercantile recklessness.   This is the risk they run and if   for any reason, including a subsequent decision of the Sales Tax Department to  withhold the supply of ST-1 forms to a purchasing dealer they are put in an  uncomfortable position of having to pay the tax and initiate appropriate legal action for  recovering it from the purchasing dealer.  The state is entitled to its tax, where the  requisite ST-1 Form is unavailable for any reason.   

The scheme of the Act is that either ST-1 Form should be available or tax should  be collected.  If a dealer shows such indulgence as to delivery of ST-1 Forms for a  particular period, he takes the risk.  It would have been further the best advised to insist   on their supply even for the transaction intended to be completed by them.   

This Court in A.V. Fernandez vs. The State of Kerala, AIR 1957 SC 657 opined  that, however great the hardship may appear to the judicial mind, "In construing fiscal  statutes and in determining the liability of a subject to tax one must have regard to the  strict letter of the law and not merely to the spirit of the statute or the substances of th e  law.  If the revenue satisfies the Court that the case falls strictly within the law, the  subject can be Taxed.  "A few years later another Constitution Bench in the case of  Commissioner of Sales Tax, U.P. vs. Modi Sugar Mills Ltd., AIR 1961 SC 1047  observed thus \026 "In interpreting a taxing statute, equitable consideration are entirely o ut  of place.  Nor can taxing statutes be interpreted on any presumptions or assumptions.   The court must look squarely at the words of the statute and interpret them.  It must  interpret a taxing statute in the light of which is clearly expressed; it cannot imply  anything which is not expressed it cannot import provisions in the statute so as to  supply any assumed deficiency."   

It was urged by learned counsel for the appellant that dues are recoverable as  arrears of land revenue, the department should proceed against the purchasing dealers  and not penalise the selling dealers.  We find no substance in this argument as the said  sub-section does not obliterate the selling dealers duties under the Act, namely, to  collect tax where the purchasing dealer fails to furnish the requisite form.  It should also   be noted that the right to file an appeal bestowed by Section 43 stipulates in sub- section (v) that it shall be entertained only if it is accompanied by satisfactory proof of  the payment of tax with or without penalty.  These provisions appear not to have been  highlighted before the Bench of the High Court which decided Shri Krishna Engineering  Co. case in C.W.P. 3304 of 1997 dated 30.11.1998.  Learned counsel for the appellant  heavily relied upon the judgment of the Division Bench in Shri Krishna Engineering Co.  case.  In that case, sub-clause (ii) inserted in clause (c) of sub-rule (4) of Rule 8 of the   Delhi Sales Tax Rules, 1975 by Notification dated 11.02.1997 was declared ultra vires  the authority of the Lt. Governor of the NCT of Delhi and was consequently struck  down.  In our view, the said judgment does not cover the present controversy on all  fours and, therefore, the contention of the learned counsel for the appellant is  misplaced.  The only similarity is that the appellants in those batch matters had assailed  the said provisions because of refusal by the respondent Department to issue Sales  Tax Forms on the grounds that arrears of Sales Tax existed against the applicants  therein.  The applicants, in the above case, were the purchasing dealers themselves  and arrears of Sales Tax were assignable to their account.  As has already been  pointed out, in the present bunch of cases, it is the selling dealers who have  approached the High Court because of the department’s refusal to issue Forms to their  purchasing dealers, for the reason that the latter had large outstandings of sales tax.

In the Shri Krishna Engineering Co. case (CWP 3304 of 1997 dated 30.11.1998  Civil Appeal Nos. 1717-19 of 1999) as already noticed, the purchasing dealers had  challenged the 1997 amendment in the Delhi Sales Tax Act Rules, 1975 in exercise of  powers under Section 71 of Delhi Sales Tax Act, 1975 whereby Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) of the

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said Rules was substituted. Existing Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) defaulted in making the payment of amount of tax assessed or the penalty  imposed by an appropriate Assessing Authority, which the application admits to  be due from him and which is not in dispute. Substituted Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) defaulted in making the payment of the amount of tax assessed or penalty  imposed by the Assessing Authority in respect of which no orders for  instalment or stay have been obtained from the competent authority under  the provisions of the law.

       According to the purchasing dealers the amended rule is in excess of the rule  making power under Section 71 of the Act.  The Division Bench allowed the writ  petitions and held substituted Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) ultra vires the rule making power of the Lt.   Governor of Delhi under Section 71 of the Act.   

       The reasoning by the Division Bench is that the Act nowhere provides for  withholding of the issuance of form in the eventuality of the applicant dealer being a  defaulter or in arrears of tax.  A denial on the part of the Sales Tax Authorities to issue  the requisite declaration form takes away the substantive right conferred by the Act on  the dealer for which act itself does not provide.  In the instant batch of Civil Appeal Nos.   308, 313, 314 and 315 of 2003 both the selling and purchasing dealers had challenged  the 2001 amendments in the second proviso to Section 4 (2)(a)(v) of the Act and the  Rules to insert sub-clause (ii) in Rule 8(4)(c).  We have already extracted the prayer in  the writ petition in paragraphs supra.

We shall now reproduce the existing second proviso to Section 4(2)(a)(v) and the  amended second proviso to the said section.   Existing second proviso to Section 4(2)(a)(v) Provided further that no deduction in respect of any sale referred to in sub-clause (v)  shall be allowed unless a true declaration duly filled and signed by the registered dealer  to whom the goods are sold and containing the prescribed particulars in the prescribed  form obtainable from the prescribed authority is furnished in the prescribed manner and  within the prescribed time, by the dealer who sells the goods.

Amended second proviso to Section 4(2)(a)(v) Provided further that no deduction in respect of any sale referred to in sub-clause (v)  shall be allowed unless a true declaration duly filled and signed by the registered dealer  to whom the goods are sold and containing the prescribed particulars in the prescribed  form obtainable from the prescribed authority in the manner and subject to such  conditions as may be prescribed is furnished in the prescribed manner and within the  prescribed time, by the dealer who sells the goods.  Inserted Rule 8(4)(c)(ii) Defaulted in making the payment of the amount of tax assessed or penalty  imposed by the Assessing Authority in respect of which no orders for instalment  or stay have been obtained from the competent authority under the provisions of  law.         It is the contention of the selling/purchasing dealers that selling dealers are  made to suffer the consequences of failures and defaults on the part of the purchasing  dealers in which they have played no part whatsoever they are in hapless position and  would be compelled to incur Sales Tax liability for events which are not within their  control and that Rule 8(4)(c) travels beyond the ambit of Section 4 (2)(a)(v) of the Act.   A Division Bench of the Delhi High Court, by their judgment dated 12.07.2002, which is  impugned in these civil appeals dismissed the challenge in regard to the vires of Rule  8(4)(c).         We have carefully gone through the judgment of the Division Bench in Simran  Engineering Works etc.  The reasoning given by the Bench in rejecting the challenge in  regard to the vires of Rule 8(4)(c) are very sound.  As rightly pointed out by the Division  Bench, the Sales Tax Department is neither privy to nor is it concerned with any  assurances that might have been exchanged inter se between the selling and  purchasing dealers in the matter of furnishing ST-1 Forms.  There is no reason for the  consequences of the dealers acts of omission or commission to visit the Department.   The Act and the Rules do not prohibit the simultaneous furnishing of ST-1 Forms, they,

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in fact, envisage it.  Supply of ST-1 Forms by the Department under the Rules is an  advance, however, the actual practice may be different (para 7 onwards of page 36 of  the judgment).         In our opinion, the generality of the provision of Section 71 (1) should be given  its full effect so as to enable the making of Rules for the full implementation of any  provisions of the Act.  The impugned rule also gives effect to Section 43(5) of the Act  which deals with appeals and contains the requirement of pre-deposit of tax and  penalty.  Other situations where the Commissioner has the discretion to cancel the  dealers registration for failure to pay tax including penalty, furnishing a false declaratio n  etc. which must be borne in mind while considering the sweep of Section 71 (1) of the  Act.  Thus, the primary intendment of the Act is to levy and collect tax and every devise,  including of stipulations pertaining to the dealer friendly declaration forms are  incorporated to implement the objective of the Act itself as pointed out by the High  Court they cannot be conceived as ultra vires the statute (pages 63-64 of the  judgment). In Shri Krishna Co. case, the Court had to investigate firstly whether there was  any provision in the Act which authorise the withholding of forms on the grounds of the  applicant being in arrears of tax.  The Court perused sub-section (2) of Section 71 of  the Act but could not locate any power contained therein.  It was in those circumstances  that it arrived at the conclusion that the newly added clause (2) in clause (c) of sub-rule  (4) of Rule 8 of the Rules was ultra vires the powers of Lt. Governor. We are of the opinion that the judgment and order of the High Court in Shri  Krishna Engineering Co. case (CWP 3304 of 1997) is passed on a mis-construction of  the clear statutory provisions contained in Section 4, 71(1), 71 (2)(b) and (s) of the Delhi   Sales Tax Act, 1975 and that the High Court has also not appreciated the true scope of  the rule making power which has been conferred on the Lt. Governor of Delhi by  Section 71 (1) of the Act which lays down that the administrator may make rules for  carrying out the purposes of the Act.  A general power has thus been conferred upon  the administrator to make appropriate rules to carry out the purposes of the Act.  The  purpose of the Act is not just to fix liability but also to recover the liabilities which ar e so  fixed.  The High Court also has not noticed that Section 71 (2)(s) of the Act which  confers a residual power on the administrator to make rules in respect of any other  matter which is required to be or may be prescribed.  We are, therefore, of the opinion  that the impugned amendment was within the rule making power of the Lt. Governor of  Delhi under Section 71 (2)(b) read in conjunction and harmoniously with Section 71  (2)(s). We, therefore, hold that the Civil Appeal Nos. 308, 313, 314 and 315 of 2003  and SLP No. 1954 of 2003 are without merit and are dismissed and the common  judgment and order passed by the High Court in the writ petitions dated 12.07.2002 is  confirmed. In view of the judgment now passed by this Court in Civil Appeal No. 314 of  2003 batch, we hold that the judgment and order passed by the High Court in CWP NO.  3304 of 1997 M/s Shri Krishna Engineering Co. case is no longer good law.   Consequently, Civil Appeal Nos. 1717-1719 of 1999 stands allowed.  Other  consequences will follow.  Before parting with this case, we also place on record the  statement made by Shri Ravi P. Mehrotra, learned counsel appearing for the  Department that if a purchasing dealer applies for Form ST-1 in advance he will be  supplied with the forms within one week subject to the rules and regulations and if it is  in order under the Act and Rules.  The same shall be furnished by the Department to  the applicant not later than one week. However, in view of the understandable mis-construction by the parties to these  appeals of the decision of Shri Krishna Engineering Co. case, we desist from awarding  costs.