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CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.)  616 of 1998

PETITIONER: STATE OF A P                             

RESPONDENT: PATNAM ANANDAM                           

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 14/12/2004

BENCH: B.P. SINGH & ARUN KUMAR     

JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T

B.P.Singh,J.

       The respondent herein was put up for trial before the Sessions Judge, Rangareddy  District, Hyderabad in Session Case No.99/93 charged of the offence under Section 302 IPC.         It is the case of the prosecution that some time between 4.00 P.M. and 7.00 P.M. on  7.11.1992 the respondent killed his wife in the agricultural field belonging to him.  It is  undisputed that there is no eye witness of the crime and the case rests on circumstantial  evidence.  The trial court accepted the evidence adduced by the prosecution and convicted th e  respondent of the offence under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to imprisonment for life,  but  acquitted him of the charge under Section 498A IPC by his judgment and order of 6th February ,  1995. The respondent preferred an appeal before the High Court of Judicature, Andhra Pradesh at  Hyderabad being Criminal Appeal No.169/95.  The High Court by its impugned judgment and  order allowed his appeal and acquitted him.  The order of acquittal passed by the High Court   has been challenged before us by the State of Andhra Pradesh.         The facts of the case in so far as they are relevant for the disposal of this appeal  may  be succinctly stated.  According to the prosecution, the respondent was married to the decea sed  Shankaramma about six months before the occurrence.  The relationship between the  respondent and his wife was not cordial on account of the fact that the deceased wife was no t an  educated  woman.  The case of the prosecution is that the respondent used to ill-treat his w ife.   PW-3 mother of the deceased claims to have come to the village where the deceased was residi ng  with her husband with a view to take her to her house for  ’Jatara’ (village fair) but respo ndent  and his parents did not send the deceased with her on the pretext that some agricultural wor k  has to be attended to and pesticides had to be sprayed in the fields.    She was with them t ill  about 4.00 p.m. on that day and accompanied them to their field.  Thereafter, she left for  Marpally village where another daughter of her’s was residing.  Next morning when she was  preparing to go back to her village, she came to learn at the bus stand that her daughter ha d  died.  On receiving the message, she immediately came to the place of occurrence and found t he  dead body of the deceased in the field of the accused with injuries on her chest and face.   The case of the prosecution is that at about 7.00 p.m. the father of the accused PW-1 report ed to  the Sarpanch of the village PW-11 that he had come to know  that the deceased had consumed  poison and when he met his son (respondent herein) some time later he informed him that his

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wife had consumed poison and died.  On such report being made the Sarpanch informed the  police on telephone about the occurrence.  Next morning at 6.30 A.M. the police officer PW-1 3  came to the place of occurrence and started investigation.  From the first information repor t, it  appears that the village where the occurrence took place is at a distance of 4 kms. from the  police  station. The first information report was lodged by the   Sarpanch PW-11 at 6.30 A.M. on 8.11.1992.   The  report is Exhibit P-6 in which he stated that PW-1 and his elder son had come to him and  reported to him that the deceased had gone with the respondent to his field between 1100 and   1200 hrs. and that in the evening his daughter-in-law died in the field after consuming pest icide.   He further stated in the report that at 7.00 P.M. he informed the police at  Peddamual polic e  station.  He also received information from the villagers that the respondent and the deceas ed  had disputes and the villagers suspected that the respondent may have killed her.  It is, th erefore,  apparent that the first information report is by a person who is not an eye witness and who  lodged the report on the basis of what he came to learn at the place of occurrence. It appears that on the request of the investigating officer  PW-10 prepared the inquest repo rt  Exh.P-2.         The case of the prosecution is that a panchanama of the scene of occurrence Exh.P-3  and a sketch Exh.P-4 was prepared in the presence of two witnesses, including PW-8, by the  investigating officer.  The case of the prosecution is that in Exh.P-3 it is noticed that a  piece of  cloth and two white buttons were found near the dead body very near the hand of the deceased .   The case of the prosecution further is that the respondent was arrested on 8.11.1992 and on  22nd  November, 1992 he made a disclosure statement admitting his guilt and volunteered to get  recovered his shirt which was recovered under a panchnama  which is Exhibit P/7.  The  panchnama shows that the respondent handed over a polyester shirt with full sleeves having r ed  flower pattern.  Pocket of the shirt was torn and it also had two missing buttons.         As noticed earlier, there is no eye witness to support the case of the prosecution  which rests purely on circumstantial evidence.  The trial court found the following   circumstances which according to it conclusively proved the case of the prosecution:- "1.The motive of the accused his dissatisfaction and  cruel treatment of   his wife  on the ground  that she was an "illiterate animal". 2.The accused gave a false statement to his father that she died of poisoning  whereas she died of injuries. 3.Accused was not seen in the village by P.W.3 after death of his wife. 4.The accused was last seen in the company of the deceased by the mother of  the deceased. 5.The shirt piece and buttons found at the scene of offence match with the shirt  MO1 of the accused seized from his house. 6.The accused himself made a statement that he kept the torn shirt MO.1 in his  house."

       The High Court, however, found that there was considerable delay in recording  the  first information report because though the Sarpanch came to know of the occurrence at about   7.00 p.m. on 7.11.1992 the report was given only at 6.30 A.M. on 8.11.1992.  Secondly, the H igh  Court suspected the truthfulness of the prosecution case because of absence of blood at the  scene  of occurrence.  Thirdly, it found that no stone was recovered from the scene of occurrence e xcept   a small stone.  Lastly, it held that the two buttons and a torn polyester shirt pocket  whic h are

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said to have been recovered  from the scene of offence on 8.11.1992 were produced only on  27.11.1992, 20 days after the occurrence.         We are not impressed by the reasons given by the High Court for setting aside the  conviction of the respondent, but in view of the fact that this is an appeal against acquitt al, we  have ourselves carefully scrutinised the evidence on record.         There are three circumstances noticed by the trial court which are of considerable  significance and they are - firstly, that the accused was last seen in the company of the de ceased  by the mother of the deceased, secondly, that a torn piece of a shirt and buttons found at t he  scene of offence matched with the shirt MO1 seized from the house of the accused and lastly,  that  the accused gave a false statement that his wife had died of poisoning, whereas the medical  evidence disclosed that she had been brutally assaulted with some blunt object resulting in  the  fracture of several ribs and causing other injuries which ultimately resulted in her death.         We shall first examine the evidence led by the prosecution to the effect that PW-1  reported the matter to the Sarpanch PW-11 at 7.00 P.M. on 7.11.1992 and that the Sarpanch  made a report to the police telephonically at 11.00 p.m. and also sent a report.  The police  came  to the place of occurrence at 6.30 A.M. on the following day.  On a careful scrutiny of the  evidence on record, this part of the prosecution  case does not appear to be true.  In this  connection, we have examined the evidence of PW-1, the father of the respondent.  According  to  him he had come to know from his son that the deceased had consumed pesticide which resulted   in her death and he had informed the Sarpanch about the  death of the deceased.  The deposit ion  of PW-1 does not disclose the approximate time when he reported the matter to the Sarpanch  PW-11, but we proceed on the basis that he informed the Sarpanch some time in the evening.   Sarpanch PW-11 stated that in the evening PW-1 had come to him and informed him about the  death of his daughter-in-law and that her dead body was lying in the fields.  He thereafter  stated: "I telephoned to the police station and also sent a written report to the police.   Subsequently, I went to the place where the dead body of the deceased was found.   Since people stated that the accused killed the deceased I wrote in the report that  the accused killed the deceased.  Exh.P-6 is the report given by me to the police."  The statement of Sarpanch is somewhat ambiguous.  He claimed to have telephoned the police  and also "sent a written report" to the police.  The investigating officer has also stated i n the  course of his deposition that he received a telephonic report from PW-11 at about 11.00 P.M.  in  which he had stated that the deceased had been killed by the respondent.  The investigating  officer has not produced any evidence to show that such a telephonic message was received by   him at any time.  If such information had been given to the police officer on telephone, he  would  have certainly not missed to record a report on the basis of the said information, since the  report  made to him clearly disclosed the commission of a cognizable offence by the respondent.  The   name of the person making the report was also known to him.  Assuming that he did not  consider it necessary to draw up a first information report on the basis of such telephonic  information, he would have certainly made a note of it in the station diary.  There is no  e vidence  to show that any station diary entry was made.  PW-11 claimed that he had also sent a report  to  the police.  That report has not been produced before the Court.  Thus, neither the oral rep ort  made to the investigating officer by PW-11, nor the written report said to have been sent to  the  police by PW-11 has been proved by evidence brought on record.  Therefore, the court is  deprived of the initial reports said to have been made by PW-11. One also fails to understand why the investigating officer did not immediately proceed to th

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e  place of occurrence, having come to know that the respondent had committed the murder of his   wife.  The village of occurrence was hardly 4 kms. from the police station, and yet the admi tted  case is that he came to the village at 6.30 A.M.   It was at the place of occurrence that PW -11 is  said to have made a report to him on the basis of which a formal first information report wa s  drawn up.  These facts lead us to doubt the case of the prosecution that any report was made  at  7.00 P.M. by PW-1 to the Sarpanch of the village, and that he had reported the matter to the   police at 11.00 P.M.  The fact that the police arrived at the spot at about 6.30 A.M. when a  report  was lodged by PW-11 for the first time, leads one to suspect that the death of the deceased  came  to light some time early in the morning of 8th November, 1992, and only thereafter  the  investigative machinery was put into motion. This finding of ours reduces the significance o f the  incriminating circumstance that the respondent was last seen in the company of the deceased  at  4.00 P.M. on the earlier day.          The next significant circumstance is the fact that the respondent had given a wrong  information about the cause of death of the deceased.  It is no doubt true that the medial  evidence conclusively establishes the fact that the deceased was battered by  a hard and blu nt  object and her neck was pressed with such force that even the hyoid bone was fractured.   However, the statement made by PW-1 to the Sarpanch PW-11 that his son had informed him  that the deceased had died after consuming pesticide, is not  admissible in evidence, being  hit by  the rule against hearsay.  This circumstance cannot, therefore, be relied upon by the prosec ution  to prove that the respondent had given a false explanation for the death of the deceased.           The most crucial circumstance which could have linked the respondent with the  murder of the deceased is the finding of a cloth piece and two buttons near the body of the  deceased, which according to the prosecution were parts of the shirt worn by the respondent  on  the date of occurrence.   It was urged before us that the respondent made a disclosure state ment  on 22.11.1992 and produced a shirt from his house  voluntarily which was worn by him on the  date of occurrence.  The case of the prosecution is that while resisting the assault on her,  the  deceased  may have caught hold of the pocket of the shirt and in the struggle that ensued, t he  pocket was torn off and two buttons also fell off near the place of occurrence.  Unfortunate ly, the  prosecution has led no evidence to connect the  shirt with the piece of cloth found near the  place  of occurrence.  Counsel for the respondent submitted that the respondent was arrested on 8th   November, 1992 and the alleged disclosure statement is said to have made on 22nd November,  1992.  The disclosure statement made after such delay has no value.  We will assume in favou r of  the prosecution that a disclosure statement was made on 22nd November, 1992 and pursuant  thereto the respondent produced before the police a shirt, which according to the prosecutio n,  was worn by him on the date of occurrence.  The seizure memo of the shirt shows that the shi rt  was a white shirt with red patterns of flower it appeared that the pocket of the shirt  was  torn  apart.  Two buttons were also missing from the shirt.   The site plan Exhibit P-3 discloses  that   near the dead body was found a torn shirt pocket and two white buttons.  The colour of the s hirt

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pocket found has not been disclosed in the panchnama.  It is, therefore, difficult to connec t the  torn shirt pocket with the shirt which was recovered at the instance of the respondent.   Th is  apart, we find that no evidence has been adduced by the prosecution to establish that the pi ece of  cloth found at the place of occurrence was really a part of the shirt which was recovered at  the  instance of the respondent.  No witness has said so.  Moreover, the circumstance that the po cket  of the shirt worn by the accused at the time of committing the offence was found at the scen e of  occurrence, was not even put to the respondent in his examination under Section 313 Cr.P.C.    It  is, therefore, difficult to rely upon, as an incriminating circumstance, the recovery of two  buttons  and a piece of cloth, said to be the pocket of a shirt, from the place of occurrence, in the  absence  of any evidence  to connect the said piece of cloth with the shirt of the accused.         In this state of the evidence on record, we are of the view that the respondent is  entitled to an acquittal by giving to him the benefit of doubt, though for reasons different  from  the reasons recorded by the High Court.           In the result, this appeal is dismissed.