Sidhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma Vs State (nct of Delhi)

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS PETITION NO. 1775 OF 2007 IN CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 179 OF 2007

SIDHARTH VASHISHT @ MANU SHARMA ... APPELLANT

VERSUS

THE STATE (N.C.T. OF DELHI) ... RESPONDENT

J U D G M E N T

C.K. THAKKER, J.

1. The present application is filed by

the appellant-accused under Section 389 of the

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter

referred to as ‘the Code’) for suspension of

sentence pending appeal in this Court and to

release him on bail.

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2. Since an appeal against an order of

conviction and sentence recorded by the High

Court of Delhi is admitted by this Court and

awaits final hearing, we will not enter into

larger questions and deal with the present

application for suspension of sentence and

bail.

3. Shortly stated, the case of the

prosecution was that on April 29-30, 1999, a

party was organized at ‘Tamarind Cafi’ inside

Qutub Colonnade. It was a private party where

certain persons were invited and liquor was

served. Jessica Lal (since deceased) and one

Shyan Munshi were in charge of the bar. It was

the allegation of the prosecution that

appellant Sidhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma

along with his friends came there and asked for

liquor. Jessica Lal and Shyan Munshi did not

oblige him by providing liquor since the bar

was closed. According to the prosecution, the

appellant got enraged on refusal to serve

liquor, took out his .22 pistol and fired two

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rounds, first into the ceiling and the second

at Jessica Lal. Jessica Lal fell down as a

result of the shot which proved fatal and she

died. According to the assertion of the

prosecution, several persons witnessed the

incident. Beena Ramani, who was present,

stopped the appellant and questioned him as to

why he had shot Jessica Lal. She also demanded

weapon from the accused but the accused did not

handover pistol and fled away.

4. FIR was lodged, a case was registered

and investigation was carried out. At the

trial, more than 100 witnesses had been

examined. The trial Court acquitted the accused

holding that it was not proved by the

prosecution that the accused had committed the

offence with which he, along with other

accused, was charged.

5. The State preferred an appeal against

an order of acquittal recorded by the trial

Court. The High Court of Delhi held that the

trial Court was wrong in acquitting the accused

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and the prosecution was successful in proving

the guilt against the appellant (as well as two

other accused) and accordingly recorded

conviction inter alia for an offence punishable

under Section 302, Indian Penal Code (IPC) and

imposed sentence of imprisonment for life.

6. The High Court observed that it has

"no hesitation in holding" that the appellant

was guilty of an offence punishable under

Section 302 read with Sections 201 and 120B,

IPC and also under Section 27 of the Arms Act,

1959 for having committed murder of Jessica Lal

on April 29-30, 1999 at ‘Tamarind Cafi’ and

ordered him to undergo rigorous imprisonment

for life and also imposed sentence for other

offences.

7. With regard to the other two accused,

however, the Court held that they were guilty

for committing an offence punishable under

Sections 201 and 120B, IPC.

8. The appellant-applicant approached

this Court by instituting an appeal under

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Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement

of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970

as also under Section 379 of the Code. The

appeal was placed for admission. On March 7,

2007, the appeal was admitted and notice was

issued on application for bail. Counsel

appeared on behalf of the respondent and

accepted the notice. It was ordered to be

listed in the first week of April, 2007,

meanwhile, counter affidavit, if any, was to be

filed.

9. On April 2, 2007 when the matter

appeared on Board, the Court passed orders of

bail in respect of other accused, but in the

instant case (Crl.M.P. No. 1775 of 2007), the

Court fixed final hearing of the matter. It,

however, appears that the appeal could not be

heard. On January 24, 2008, the Court ordered

listing of appeals along with bail applications

"before any other appropriate Bench" on 12th

February, 2008. The matter was thus placed

before this Bench.

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10. In view of several other matters,

however, the appeal could not be taken up for

hearing. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior

advocate, appearing for the appellant-accused,

no doubt, requested the Court to take up the

matter out of turn. He alternatively submitted

that if the appeal is not heard, the

application for bail may be heard as according

to him, he did not press for bail earlier when

the appeal was placed for admission hearing and

was admitted since the Court had fixed final

hearing of main matter. According to him, the

appellant was in jail and if the appeal will

not be heard for a considerable long time,

serious prejudice will be caused to the

accused. On the facts and in the circumstances,

therefore, we directed the Registry to place

the application for suspension of sentence and

grant of bail on Board so that an appropriate

order may be passed on the prayer of the

applicant-appellant-accused.

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11. We have heard learned counsel for the

parties.

12. The learned counsel for the applicant

submitted that no case has been made out by the

prosecution against the appellant-accused. The

trial Court, after considering the evidence of

the prosecution witnesses in its entirety,

recorded an order of acquittal in favour of the

accused. He submitted that the trial Court held

that PW1--Deepak Bhojwani and PW30--Shravan Kumar

had been ‘planted’ by the prosecution. PW2--

Shyan Munshi had expressly stated that shots

were fired by two persons and appellant-accused

was not one of them. Neither PW1--Deepak

Bhojwani, Nor PW2--Shyan Munshi, nor PW3--Shiv

Dass Yadav, nor PW4--Karan Rajput were eye-

witnesses. For rejecting ocular evidence of PW6

--Malini Ramani and PW20--Beena Ramani, cogent

and convincing reasons have been recorded by

the trial Court. It was not proved that Tata

Safari was in possession of the appellant-

accused, nor was there anything to show that he

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used the said vehicle on 29th April, 1999.

Report of ballistic expert does not support

prosecution and on that ground also, the trial

Court was right in passing the order of

acquittal.

13. According to the learned counsel,

Beena Ramani--PW20, was not an eye-witness. A

statement to that effect was made by the Public

Prosecutor at the trial in the Sessions Court.

It was also clear that a false Excise Case had

been registered against the said witness and

she was pressurized to depose in favour of

prosecution and as soon as her evidence was

over, she was obliged by compounding the

offence on imposing fine which went to show

that it was the systematic effort of the

prosecution to involve the appellant-accused

who was totally innocent. The counsel also

submitted that photograph of the accused was

collected by the Police during investigation

and was shown to the prosecution witnesses and

identification of the accused was meaningless.

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Media had played active role and even before

the conclusion of the trial, they had virtually

described the applicant not as an ‘accused’ but

as a ‘convict’ or an ‘offender’. According to

the learned counsel, the trial Court

dispassionately and objectively considered the

evidence in its proper perspective without

being influenced by extraneous factors and

granted benefit of doubt to the accused. The

High Court was ‘wholly’ wrong in reversing the

finding of the trial Court and in convicting

the applicant and in imposing sentence of

imprisonment for life. The order passed by the

High Court, submitted the counsel, is not in

consonance with law and the applicant has fair

and good chance of his appeal being allowed. He

is in jail since long and as the appeal is

likely to take time, a reasonable prayer for

suspension of sentence and grant of bail

deserves to be accepted by enlarging the

applicant-accused on bail on such terms and

conditions as this Court deems fit.

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14. Mr. Gopal Subramanyam, learned Addl.

Solicitor General, on the other hand, strongly

opposed the prayer made by the applicant of

suspension of sentence and grant of bail. He

submitted that the order of acquittal recorded

by the trial Court was clearly wrong and

against the evidence on record. The High Court,

as a Court of ‘first appeal’, considered the

evidence and held that the trial Court was

‘wholly’ wrong in not believing the prosecution

witnesses. The High Court also observed that

the grounds which weighed with the trial Court

for not believing prosecution witnesses, could

not be said to be legal, proper or based on

evidence on record. The counsel submitted that

there was no reason for the trial Court not to

believe evidence of PW1--Deepak Bhojwani, PW30-

Shravan Kumar, PW20--Beena Ramani, PW6--Malini

Ramani and other witnesses. The counsel

submitted that the High Court considered in

detail, the reasons recorded by the trial Court

and rightly observed that to describe a

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particular witness as ‘planted’ by the

prosecution is a serious matter and normally no

Court of law would proceed on that basis. Mr.

Subramanyam also submitted that from the

prosecution evidence, it is clear that the

applicant along with other accused came to

Tamarind Cafi on 29th April, 1999, asked for

liquor and when he was refused liquor on the

ground that the bar was closed, he became very

angry, took out his .22 pistol and fired two

rounds; one towards ceiling and the other

towards Jessica Lal due to which she died. This

was witnessed by several persons who were

present at that time. Some of them, however,

did not support the prosecution. The learned

Addl. Solicitor General submitted that the

terror of the accused was clear from the fact

that about two dozen witnesses had been turned

hostile. The trial Court ought to have

considered this aspect. But even otherwise, in

view of the above situation, the witnesses who

were examined and supported the prosecution

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ought to have been believed by the trial Court.

It, however, failed to do so. The High Court

was, therefore, ‘fully‘ justified in believing

the evidence of those witnesses and in

recording the order of conviction.

15. It was also stated that according to

the High Court, after the commission of

offence, the accused absconded. His farm house

was raided by the police authorities during the

course of investigation. He was neither found

there nor did he surrender immediately. The

High Court also recorded a finding that Tata

Safari, used by the accused at the time he

visited Qutub Colonnade was recovered from

NOIDA which was removed from the place of

offence. According to the High Court, the

evidence on record showed that Tata Safari was

parked at Qutub Colonnade in the night of April

29-30, 1999. The vehicle belonged to Piccadilly

Agro Industries Limited of which the accused

was admittedly a Director. The vehicle was

surreptitiously removed from the scene of

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occurrence. The High Court noted that it was

admitted by the accused that he was having

licensed pistol of .22 bore. The High Court was

also aware that several witnesses turned

hostile and did not support the prosecution but

from the available material, it was proved

beyond reasonable doubt that it was the

applicant who had visited Qutub Colonnade on

the night of 29th/ 30th April, 1999 and demanded

liquor and on refusal by Jessica Lal and Shyan

Munshi, he became angry and fired two shots one

of which hit Jessica Lal and proved fatal. It

was, therefore, submitted by the learned Addl.

Solicitor General that the order passed by the

High Court is legal, valid and in consonance

with law and no error has been committed by the

High Court in setting aside the order of

acquittal recorded by the trial Court.

16. We are conscious and mindful that the

main matter (appeal) is admitted and is pending

for final hearing. Observations on merits, one

way or the other, therefore, are likely to

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prejudice one or the other party to the appeal.

We are hence not entering into the correctness

or otherwise of the evidence on record. It,

however, cannot be overlooked that as on today,

the applicant has been found guilty and

convicted by a competent criminal court.

Initial presumption of innocence in favour of

the accused, therefore, is no more available to

the applicant.

17. In para 56, the High Court observed as

under:

"56. In the totality of circumstances adduced from material on record, the judgment under challenge appears to us to be an immature assessment of material on record which is self-contradictory, based on misreading of material and unsustainable. We find that Beena Ramani has identified Sidhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma, Amardeep Singh Gil, Alok Khanna and Vikas Yadav to be the persons present at the Tamarind Cafi at the time of the incidence. She also saw Manu Sharma firing the fatal shot which hit Jessica Lal. Her testimony finds corroboration from the testimony of Malini Ramani and George Mailhot. There is evidence on record to show that Manu Sharma had a licensed pistol of .22 bore which he has not produced to establish his

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innocence and on the contrary has taken false plea that the pistol, its ammunition and licence had been removed by the Police on 30.4.1999. We also find from the material on record that Manu Sharma abandoned his vehicle while making good his escape. We also find that the ammunition used in the causing of the firearm injury to Jessica Lal was of .22 bore which Manu Sharma admittedly possessed and a similar live cartridge was recovered from the abandoned Tata Safari. From this, we have no hesitation in holding that Manu Sharma is guilty of an offence under Section 302 IPC for having committed the murder of Jessica Lal on 29/30.4.1999 at the Tamarind Cafi as also under Section 27 Arms Act". (emphasis supplied)

18. The High Court has also given cogent

reasons for not accepting the view of the trial

Court and grounds recorded for not believing

prosecution witnesses.

19. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior

advocate no doubt submitted that the trial

Court was right in not relying upon the

prosecution witnesses, but Mr. Gopal

Subramanyam submitted that the approach of the

trial Court was incorrect and improper.

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According to the High Court it was on the verge

of ‘perversity’.

20. It is premature to express any

opinion, one way or the other at this stage but

the fact remains that the order of acquittal

recorded by the trial Court has been set aside

and the applicant-accused has been convicted

for an offence punishable under Section 302,

IPC and ordered to undergo imprisonment for

life.

21. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior

advocate, invited our attention to several

decisions of this Court. Some of them relate to

grant of bail at the pre-trial stage. The

Courts in such cases have considered several

factors, such as, there is a presumption of

innocence in favour of an accused till it is

established that he is guilty; he has to make

preparation for his defence and he must have

every opportunity to look after his case; it

will be very difficult for an accused to make

such preparation if he is in jail than he is

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out of jail. One of the considerations which a

Court of law would keep in mind at that stage

is to secure the attendance of the accused.

Hence, on security being furnished, he is

released on bail if the Court is satisfied that

the case on hand was fit one to grant such

concession in favour of the accused.

22. Before about eight decades, in the

leading case of Emperor v. Hutchinson, AIR 1931

All 356 : 32 CrLJ 1271 : 33 IC 842 (the Meerut

Conspiracy case), Boys, J. observed:

"As to the object of keeping an accused person in detention during the trial, it has been stated that the object is not punishment, that to keep an accused person under arrest with the object of punishing him on the assumption that he is guilty even if eventually he is acquitted is improper. This is most manifest. The only legitimate purposes to be served by keeping person under trial in detention are to prevent repetition of the offence with which he is charged where there is apparently danger of such repetition and to secure his attendance at the trial. The first of those purposes clearly to some extent involves an assumption of the accused’s guilt, but the very trial itself is based on a prima facie assumption of the accused’s guilt and

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it is impossible to hold that in some circumstances it is not a proper ground to be considered. The main purpose however is manifestly to secure the attendance of the accused".

(emphasis supplied)

23. In concurring judgment, Mukherji, J.

also stated;

"The principle to be deduced from Sections 496 and 497, Criminal P.C., therefore is that grant of bail is the rule and refusal is the exception. That this must be so is not at all difficult to see. An accused person is presumed under the law to be innocent till his guilt is proved. As a presumably innocent person, he is entitled to freedom and every opportunity to look after his own case. It goes without saying that an accused person, if he enjoys freedom, will be in a much better position to look after his case and to properly defend himself than if he were in custody. (emphasis supplied)

24. The above principle has been

reiterated from time to time thereafter.

25. Section 389 of the Code expressly and

specifically deals with suspension of sentence

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pending appeal and release of appellant on

bail. It states;

389. Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail:- (1) Pending any appeal by a convicted person, the Appellate Court may, for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, order that the execution of the sentence or order appealed against be suspended and, also if he is in confinement, that he be released on bail, or on his own bond.

(2) The power conferred by this section on a Appellate Court may be exercised also by the High Court in the case of an appeal by a convicted person to a Court subordinate thereto.

(3) Where the convicted person satisfies the Court by which he is convicted that he intends to present an appeal, the Court shall--

(i) where such person, being on bail, is sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or

(ii) where the offence of which such person has been convicted is a bailable one, and he is on bail, order that the convicted person be released on bail, unless there are special reasons for refusing bail, for such period as will afford sufficient time to present the appeal and obtain the orders of the Appellate Court under sub-section (1), and the sentence of imprisonment shall, so long as he is so released on bail, be deemed to be suspended.

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(4) When the appellant is ultimately sentenced to imprisonment for a term or to imprisonment for life, the time during which he is so released shall be excluded in computing the term for which he is so sentenced.

26. Bare reading of the above provision

makes it clear that during the pendency of

appeal, an appellate Court is empowered to

suspend sentence on the appellant by releasing

him on bail. Such action, however, can be taken

only after affording opportunity to the Public

Prosecutor in case of offence punishable with

death or imprisonment for life or imprisonment

for ten years or more and after recording

reasons in writing.

27. Mr. Jethmalani, relying on the

decisions in Kashmira Singh v. State of

Punjab, (1977) 4 SCC 291, Babu Singh & Ors. v.

State of U.P., (1978) 1 SCC 579, Shailendra

Kumar v. State of Delhi, (2000) 4 SCC 178 : JT

2000 (1) SC 184 and other cases, submitted that

one of the factors which weighed with this

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Court in granting suspension of sentence and

releasing the applicant on bail is that in case

of acquittal by the trial Court and conviction

by the appellate Court, hearing of appeal takes

long time and the applicant has to remain in

jail.

28. As observed in those cases, the

practice of not releasing a person on bail who

had been sentenced for imprisonment for life

under Section 302, IPC was that the appeal was

likely to be heard in near future. But if such

appeal would not be heard for long and not

disposed of within a ‘measurable distance of

time’, it would not be in the interest of

justice to keep such person in jail for a

number of years and it would be appropriate if

the power under Section 389 of the Code is

exercised in favour the applicant.

29. In Kashmira Singh, this Court stated;

"Now, the practice in this Court as also in many of the High Court has been not to release on bail a person who has been sentenced to life imprisonment for an offence under

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Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. The question is whether this practice should be departed from and if so, in what circumstances. It is obvious that no practice howsoever sanctified by usage and hallowed by time can be allowed to prevail if it operates to cause injustice. Every practice of the Court must find its ultimate justification in the interest of justice. The practice not be release on bail a person who has been sentenced to life imprisonment was evolved in the High Courts and in this Court on the basis that once a person has been found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment, he should not be let loose, so long as his conviction and sentence are not set aside, but the underlying postulate of this practice was that the appeal of such person would be disposed of within a measurable distance of time, so that if he is ultimately found to be innocent, he would not have to remain in jail for an unduly long period. The rationale of this practice can have no application where the Court is not in a position to dispose of the appeal for five or six years. It would indeed be a travesty of justice to keep a person in jail for a period of five or six for an offence which is ultimately found not to have been committed by him. Can the Court ever compensate him for his incarceration which is found to be unjustified? Would it be just at all for the Court to tell a person: "We have admitted your appeal because we think you have a prima facie case, but unfortunately we have no time to hear your appeal for quite a few years and, therefore, until we hear your

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appeal, you much remain in jail, even though you may be innocent?" What confidence would such administration of justice inspire in the mind of the public? It may quite conceivably happen, and it has in fact happened in a few cases in this Court, that a person may serve out his full term of imprisonment before his appeal is taken up for hearing. Would a judge not be overwhelmed with a feeling of contrition while acquitting such a person after hearing the appeal? Would it not be an affront to his sense of justice? Of what avail would the acquittal be to such a person who has already served out his term of imprisonment or at any rate a major part of it? It is therefore, absolutely essential that the practice which this Court has been following in the past must be reconsidered and so long as this Court is not in a position to hear the appeal of an accused within a reasonable period of time, the Court should ordinarily, unless there are cogent grounds for acting otherwise, release the accused on bail in cases where special leave has been granted to the accused to appeal against his conviction and sentence". (emphasis supplied)

30. The other consideration, however, is

equally important and relevant. When a person

is convicted by an appellate Court, he cannot

be said to be an ‘innocent person’ until the

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final decision is recorded by the superior

Court in his favour.

31. Mr. Gopal Subramanyam, learned Addl.

Solicitor General invited our attention to

Akhilesh Kumar Sinha v. State of Bihar, (2000)

6 SCC 461, Vijay Kumar v. Narendra & Ors.,

(2002) 9 SCC 364 : JT 2004 Supp (1) SC 60,

Ramji Prasad v. Rattan Kumar Jaiswal & Anr.,

(2002) 9 SCC 366 : JT 2002 (7) SC 477, State

of Haryana v. Hasmat, (2004) 6 SCC 175 : JT

2004 (6) SC 6, Kishori Lal v. Rupa & Ors.,

(2004) 7 SCC 638 : JT 2004 (8) SC 317 and

State of Maharashtra v. Madhukar Wamanrao

Smarth, (2008) 4 SCALE 412 : JT 2008 (4) SC

461.

32. In the above cases, it has been

observed that once a person has been convicted,

normally, an appellate Court will proceed on

the basis that such person is guilty. It is no

doubt true that even thereafter, it is open to

the appellate Court to suspend the sentence in

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a given case by recording reasons. But it is

well settled, as observed in Vijay Kumar that

in considering the prayer for bail in a case

involving a serious offence like murder

punishable under Section 302, IPC, the Court

should consider all the relevant factors like

the nature of accusation made against the

accused, the manner in which the crime is

alleged to have been committed, the gravity of

the offence, the desirability of releasing the

accused on bail after he has been convicted for

committing serious offence of murder, etc. It

has also been observed in some of the cases

that normal practice in such cases is not to

suspend the sentence and it is only in

exceptional cases that the benefit of

suspension of sentence can be granted.

33. In Hasmat, this Court stated;

"6. Section 389 of the Code deals with suspension of execution of sentence pending the appeal and release of the applicant on bail. There is a distinction between bail and suspension of sentence. One of the essential ingredients of Section 389

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is the requirement for the Appellate Court to record reasons in writing for ordering suspension of execution of the sentence or order appealed. If he is in confinement, the said Court can direct that he be released on bail or on his own bond. The requirement of recording reasons in writing clearly indicates that there has to be careful consideration of the relevant, aspects and the order directing suspension of sentence and grant of bail should not be passed as a matter of routine". (emphasis supplied)

34. The mere fact that during the period

of trial, the accused was on bail and there was

no misuse of liberty, does not per se warrant

suspension of execution of sentence and grant

of bail. What really necessary is to consider

whether reasons exist to suspend execution of

the sentence and grant of bail.

35. On the facts and in the circumstances

of the case, in our considered opinion, this is

not a fit case to exercise power under Section

389 of the Code. Though the trial Court has

acquitted the applicant-accused for the

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offences with which he was charged, the High

Court reversed the order of acquittal and

convicted him under Section 302, IPC and

ordered him to undergo rigorous imprisonment

for life. Being aggrieved by the said order, he

has filed an appeal which has been admitted, is

already on board and awaits final hearing.

Hence, within ‘measurable distance of time’ the

appeal is likely to be heard. Keeping in view

the seriousness of offence, the manner in which

the crime was said to have been committed and

the gravity of offence, we are of the view that

no case has been made out by the applicant-

appellant for suspension of sentence and grant

of bail. The application deserves to be

dismissed and is accordingly dismissed.

36. Before parting with the matter, we may

clarify that we may not be understood to have

expressed any opinion on merits of the matter

one way or the other and all the observations

made by us hereinabove should be taken as

confined to dealing with the prayer of the

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applicant-appellant under Section 389 of the

Code. As and when the main matter i.e.

criminal appeal will come up for hearing, it

will be decided on its own merits without being

inhibited or influenced by the observations in

this order.

37. The application is accordingly

disposed of.

.........................................................J. (C.K. THAKKER)

NEW DELHI, .........................................................J. MAY 12, 2008. (D.K. JAIN)

SIDHARTHA VASHISHT @ MANU SHARMA Vs STATE (NCT OF DELHI)

SIDHARTHA VASHISHT @ MANU SHARMA Vs STATE (NCT OF DELHI)